Bran rice is a by-product of rice into rice milling process, the cellulose content of 40-60%, so the potential as a carbon source for the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria to produce enzymes particularly cellulolytic bacteria. The purpose of the study was to determine the diversity of the characters from the cellulolytic bacterial isolates and optimum conditions enzyme (cellulase enzymes rough) so that they can hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose with either rice bran. The characterization includes the determination of pH, temperature and time of optimum crude extract of bacterial cellulolytic enzyme cellulase, determination of Vmax and Km and molecular mass determination of cellulase.Research methods include making media, regeneration of isolates, bacterial growth curve manufacturing, production of cellulase enzymes from bacterial cellulolytic rough at the optimum conditions, the kinetics of enzymatic reaction: substrate concentration factor of the reaction rate (with variation of the concentration of 0.50%, 0.75%, 1 , 00%, 1.25% and 1.50% (w / v)) followed by calculating the Vmax and Km.The results showed that the enzyme cellulase of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from rice bran result that has optimum conditions at pH 7.5, temperature 50 ° C, 40 min incubat ion time to produce Vmax 0.0086 units / mL and Km 1.694%. Key words : kinetics of enzymatic reaction, selullase enzyme and rice bran ABSTRAKBekatul merupakan hasil samping dari proses penggilingan padi menjadi beras, dengan kandungan selulosa 40-60% sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber karbon bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme seperti bakteri yang dapat menghasilkan enzim khususnya bakteri selulolitik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman karakter dari isolat-isolat bakteri selulolitik dan kondisi optimum enzim (enzim selulase kasar) tersebut sehingga dapat menghidrolisis selulosa dalam bekatul menjadi glukosa dengan baik. Kinetika reaksi enzimatis dengan mengukur Vmaks dan Km.Metode penelitian meliputi pembuatan media, peremajaan isolat, pembuatan kurva pertumbuhan bakteri, produksi enzim selulase kasar dari bakteri selulolitik pada kondisi optimum, kinetika reaksi enzimatis : faktor konsentrasi substrat terhadap laju reaksi (dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,50 %; 0,75 %; 1,00 %; 1,25 % dan 1,50 % (b/v)) dilanjutkan dengan menghitung Vmaks dan Km.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim selulase dari bakteri selulolitik hasil isolasi dari bekatul yang mempunyai kondisi optimum pada pH 7,5 , suhu 50 °C , waktu inkubasi 40 menit dengan menghasilkan V max 0,0086 Unit/mL serta K m 1,694 %. Kata kunci : kinetika reaksi enzimatis, enzim selulase dan bekatul

The Chlorella sp. is a microscopic unicellular microalgae that contains organic oils which can be hydrolyzed into fatty acids. Fatty acids is one of the active components in microalgae which allegedly acted as an antibacterial. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of fatty acids from the hydrolysis process of microalgae Chlorella sp. oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Insulating oil Chlorella sp. performed by the Soxhlet method with n-hexane. Chlorella sp. oil was hydrolyzed with 12% KOH in methanol to obtain fatty acids. The antibacterial activity of these fatty acids was tested against E. coli and S. aureus using the disc diffusion method.The result showed that the yield of oil Soxhlet Chlorella sp. was equal to 6.28 %. Hydrolysis of Chlorella sp. oil produced a yield of 69.57%. Fatty acids have antibacterial activity against S. aureus bacteria, but not against the bacteria E. coli. Fatty acids inhibition zone from Chlorella sp. against the bacteria S. aureus at the concentration 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; and 2.5% respectively are 1.8; 1.9; 3.2; 3.5; and 3 mm.Keywords: Microalgae Chlorella sp., Fatty acids, Soxhlet extraction, antibacterial activity. ABSTRAKChlorella sp. merupakan mikroalga uniselular berukuran mikroskopis yang banyak mengandung minyak organik yang dapat dihidrolisis menjadi asam lemak. Asam lemak merupakan salah satu komponen aktif dalam mikroalga yang diduga berperan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak mikroalga Chlorella sp. terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus.Isolasi minyak Chlorella sp. dilakukan dengan metode Soxhletasi dengan pelarut n-heksana. Minyak Chlorella sp. dihidrolisis dengan KOH 12 % dalam pelarut metanol untuk mendapatkan asam lemak. Asam lemak yang dihasilkan diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus menggunakan metode difusi cakram.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen Soxhletasi minyak Chlorella sp. adalah sebesar 6,28 %. Hidrolisis minyak Chlorella sp. menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 69,57 %. Asam lemak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus, tetapi tidak terhadap bakteri E. coli. Zona hambat asam lemak Chlorella sp. terhadap bakteri S. aureus pada konsentrasi 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; dan 2,5 % secara berturut-turut adalah 1,8; 1,9; 3,2; 3,5; dan 3 mm.Kata Kunci: Mikroalga Chlorella sp., asam lemak, ekstraksi Soxhlet, aktivitas antibakteri.

Cane molasses is a sugar processing waste that contains high sugar concentration so it is very potential used as fermentation media. Fermentation of cane molasses to produce bioethanol becomes an alternative to decrease of waste and sufficient fuel that increase every years. The purpose of this study is to know the influence of pH and fermentation period towards bioethanol production from cane molasses by fermentation process used Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence of this research were fermentation process and separation of bioethanol from the media. Fermentation process was achieved with two variations i.e pH (pH 4, 4,5, and 5) and fermentation period variations (3, 4, 5, and 6 days). Bioethanol separated from fermentation media used fractional distillation and pure bioethanol concentration can be measured by gas cromatography. The data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA and will be tested by LSD (Least Significant Difference) 5 %. The highest concentration of bioethanol was 7,76 %, yield value was 89,89 %, and efficiency value was 78,62 %. The result of ANOVA (α=5 %) test showed the treatment of pH and fermentation period effect bioethanol concentration was produced. The LSD test showed the treatments pH 5 and 6 days fermentation period given concentration of bioethanol 7,76 %, efficiency value 78,62 % and residual sugar 5,52 % was the significant different of treatments. Keywords: Cane Molasses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pH, Fermentation Period, and Bioethanol AbstrakTetes tebu merupakan limbah pengolahan gula yang mengandung gula cukup tinggi sehingga sangat potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai media fermentasi. Fermentasi tetes tebu untuk menghasilkan bioetanol menjadi salah satu upaya megurangi jumlah limbah dan memenuhi kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) yang semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH dan lama fermentasi terhadap produksi bioetanol dari tetes tebu (molase) dengan cara fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Penelitian ini meliputi proses fermentasi dan pemisahan bioetanol dari media fermentasi. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan variasi pH 4, 4,5, dan 5, sedangkan variasi lama fermentasi dilakukan selama 3, 4, 5, dan 6 hari. Bioetanol hasil fermentasi dipisahkan dari media fermentasi dengan metode destilasi fraksinasi dan untuk mengukur kadar bioetanol digunakan metode kromatografi gas. Data yang diperoleh pada setiap perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5 %. Kadar bioetanol tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 7,76 %, nilai yield tertinggi 89,89 %, dan nilai efisiensi 78,62 %. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji ANOVA (α=5 %) menunjukkan bahwa pH dan lama fermentasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar bioetanol hasil fermentasi. Uji BNT menyatakan bahwa perlakuan A 3 T 4 (pH 5 dan lama fermentasi 6 hari) dengan kadar bioetanol 7,76 % , nilai efisiensi 78,62 %, dan kadar gula sisa 5,52 % merupakan perlakuan yang berbeda nyata.

<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of gelatin by using raw materials bone chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and the Broiler chickens for differences in the concentration of acetic acid immersion process ( curing ).The method used in this study is the preparation and broiler chicken bones , isolation of gelatin with various concentration of acetic acid in the curing process , the process of hydrolysis , extraction temperature rise and gelatin with gelatin obtained include the characterization of protein , water , ash and metal.</p>The results showed the highest yield of gelatin produced from Broiler chicken bone types with acetic acid concentration of 1 % , ie 3.25%. Gelatin highest protein content of 86.27 % of the types of Broiler chicken bone with acetic acid concentration of 1.5 %. Lowest ash content of 15.7 % gelatin from bone types Broiler chicken with 1 % acetic acid concentration , and from analysis using AAS contained Cu at 0.6 % (of the type of chicken bones, acetic acid concentration of 0.5 %) and Cu metal content of 1.1 % (of the type of Broiler chicken bones, acetic acid concentration of 1 %. highest moisture content of 0.17 % gelatin from bone types Kampung chicken with 1 % acetic acid concentration

Background and Objectives: Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) is widely grown in Indonesia and one of its products is palm sap. Palm sap contains a high level of sugar, making it suitable as a medium to increase the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). This study aimed to isolate the EPS-producing LAB from palm sap and evaluate its EPS production. LAB isolation was carried out on MRS agar containing 0.5% CaCO3 . Materials and Methods: The screening and production of EPS were carried out on MRS media supplemented with 10% sucrose. The molecular identification of the selected EPS-producing LAB was based on 16S rDNA. A quantitative analysis of EPS polymer dry mass and total sugar was conducted using one-way ANOVA. Results: In this study, five EPS-producing LABs were found: Fructobacillus fructosus N4, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N5, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N9, and Fructobacillus fructosus N10. The highest EPS yield in liquid media was 10.997 ± 1.591 g/L by Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, whereas the lowest was 4.505 ± 0.459 g/L by Fructobacillus fructosus N10. Conclusion: This study found Fructobacillus fructosus strains as EPS producers that have never been reported before.