Th is study aims to investigate the eff ect of lower extremity (LE) injuries on bilateral hamstring eccentric strength imbalance (HSI) and to determine the relationship between body weight (BW) and HSI in young male soccer players. Eighty-eight young soccer players aged 14-19 in Turkey voluntarily participated in this study. Eccentric hamstring strength measurements were taken using a NordBord® Hamstring Testing Device. To obtain the LE backgrounds of the participants, individual interviews were administered to the players, and the obtained data were verifi ed through a review of previous injury records. While 22 (25%) out of 88 players reported LE injuries in the previous two years (injured players (IP)), the rest of them (75%) did not report any LE injuries (non-injured players (NP)). HSI values as peak forces were computed by extracting the weaker leg values from the stronger leg values. Both the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were performed, controlling the BW eff ect in order to test the eff ects of LE injuries on HSI. Correlation analysis was also conducted, taking into consideration the previous research fi ndings on the relationship between body weight and strength variables. Th ere was signifi cant relationship between BW and HSI ((p<0.05) (0.04> r >0.02)) and non-signifi cant results for HSI (F (1.85) =0.578, p>0.05). However, the eff ect of BW was signifi cant for HSI (F (1.85) =3.91, p<0.05, η2 = 0.068). Th is study supported the hypothesis that hamstring muscle strength imbalance is not aff ected by lower extremity injuries and that body weight is a factor that may aff ect strength imbalance.

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Chemotherapy is the most used method after surgery in the treatment of colon cancer. Cancer cells escape the recognition mechanism of immune system cells to survive and develop chemoresistance. Therefore, the use of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy can increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Nanoparticles have been used clinically to increase the accumulation of therapeutics in target tissues and reduce toxicity. In this paper, nanoplexes were formed via cationic cyclodextrin polymer, 5-Fluorouracil, and Interleukin-2 based on the opposite charge interaction of macromolecules without undergoing any structural changes or losing the biological activity of Interleukin-2. Anticancer activities of nanoplexes were determined in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture setups. The dual drug-loaded cyclodextrin nanoplexes diffused deeper into the spheroids and accelerated apoptosis when compared with 5-FU solutions. In the colorectal tumor-bearing animal model, survival rate, antitumor activity, metastasis, and immune response parameters were assessed using a cyclodextrin derivative, which was found to be safe based on the ALT/AST levels in healthy mice. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the groups treated with the nanoplex formulation had significantly fewer initial tumors and lung foci when compared with the control. The dual drug-loaded nanoplex could be a promising drug delivery technique in the immunochemotherapy of colorectal cancer.

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In spite of demonstrating training loads objectively through player tracking system and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies, a precise and reliable monitoring tool which can detect the risk of non-functional overreaching or overtraining has not yet been found. Although many methods and tools used until today, it is very difficult to monitor overtraining risk which is a multifactorial physiological process with serious individual differences. Today seasonal periodization strategies can be planned with the help of player tracking technologies which can determine internal and external training load, but it still remains a question mark if the athletes can show optimal physiological adaptation to these applications. In this study, we monitored the external training load parameters including total distance, high speed running distance, explosive distance and sprint number; and HRV which has been shown with some studies to be one of the early determinants of overtraining.Data collected from 22 elite soccer players from Turkish national team is used for this study. Turkish Football Federation gave consent with document number 2016–2017/001 for the data to be used in this study. 18 out of 22 GPS recordings were eligible for further analysis. GPS measures recorded in every training were; total distance (TD) covered, high speed running (HSR) distance, explosive running (ER) distance and number of sprints (SP). Heart rate variability of the players was recorded using a commercially available smartphone device, ithlete, 3 times during a 14 days training camp. HRV changing trend was analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and correlation between GPS-derived measures and HRV scores were analyzed with Pearson test. Wilcoxon test was used in order to detect any statistically significant difference between repeated measures. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21 and p ≥ 0.05 was accepted as level of significance. There was a statistically significant increase in total distance between day 1 and day 14 (p ≥ 0.05). A decreasing trend has been detected in HRV scores although the change was not significant (F = 0.948; p = 0.335). There was a low positive correlation between mean measures of TD, and low negative correlation between that of HSR and SP and heart rate variability scores (r = 0.312, r = −0.353, r = −0.461 respectively). An increasing total distance towards the end of the camp was the periodization strategy of the team and has been shown statistically in this study. Based on studies about HRV, moderate decreases in HRV were considered as a signal of functional overreaching, significant decreases were considered as a signal of non-functional overreaching and overtraining, while increases in HRV were considered as a signal of recovery. In short and intense period of this preparation camp, HRV responses of athletes was expected to show a decreasing trend. TD was monitored as an indicator of training volume, HSR, ED and SP were monitored as indicators of training intensity.HSR and SP, considered to reflect train...