Tetrahydropentagamavunon-0 (THPGV-0) and Tetrahydropentagamavunon-1 (THPGV-1), are analogs of a curcumin metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin, and a derivate of Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) and Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), respectively. THPGV-0 and THPGV-1 have been successfully synthesized and are investigated for their anticancer potency. Cytotoxic assays were performed toward several cancer cell lines to determine values of IC50. Assessing cytotoxicity on Vero normal cell line showed the selectivity of those compound. THPGV-1 showed highest cytotoxic activity in lymphoma Raji cells, a suspension cell line, with an IC50 of 180µM. Both THPGV-0 and THPGV-1 showed similar potencies on T47D breast cancer cell line with IC50 values of 250-270µM. Regardless their high selectivity, however, cytotoxic activities of THPGV-0 and THPGV-1 were lower compared to PGV-0 and PGV-1 on HeLa cervical, T47D breast, and WiDr colon cancer cell lines. Further study using different types of cancer cell lines and confirmation of cell viability by another assays and apoptosis detection may give more benefit.

Some plants have capacity as exogenous antioxidant. Simpor (Dillenia sp.) is plant of the Dilleniaceae family which may have the property of antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant capacity of the 96% ethanolic simpor leaf extract. Factorial design was applied with 2x3 factors of maseration time (24 and 48 hours) and concentration series of (10, 15, 20%). Normality was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and homogeneity by Levine. Data was analysed by ANOVA (ᾳ = 0.05). Post Hoc was analysed by Duncan. Antioxidant property was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively on flavonoid and also leaves water content. The antioxidant capacity assay was measured using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2picryl Hidrazil) scavenging ability at 517 nm with ascorbic acid as control. The result showed that water content of the plant was 73.65%. Simpor contain flavonoids with highest flavonoid content (2.953 mg QE / mg) in 24 hours maceration time at 15% concentration. Furthermore, it also has ability to scavenge DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2picryl Hidrazil) radical with the highest value (97,10 ± 0,01%) in 24 and 48 hours maceration at 20% and 10% extract concentration. Statistical analysis on flavonoid content showed that time and concentration gave significant effect on flavonoid content (ᾳ = 0.003). Duncan result revealed that almost all groups didn’t significantly different only the 24 hours x 15% concentration was. DPPH inhibition based on statistic proved that both factors didn’t affect scavenging ability of Dillenia (ᾳ = 0.079). It can be concluded that simpor leaves has antioxidant capacity against DPPH radical due to its flavonoid content. Furthermore, concentration and maceration time significantly affect flavonoid content and didn’t affect DPPH radical scavenging ability of Dillenia plant.

A research with six treatments in a completely randomized design was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract (SpLE)-nanoparticles against Salmonella typhimurium FNCC-0050, Escherichia coli FNCC-0091, and Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC-0051. The disc diffusion method was used to measure antibacterial activities of the bay leaves extract. The sample plates were incubated at room temperature 37 ° C for 24 hours, and the antibacterial activity was further determined by measuring the inhibition zone diameter manually using a precision ruler. The treatments were: aquades only (SpLE-0), aquades with 50 ppm antibiotic Tetracycline (SpLE-1), aquades with 0.2% chitosan (SpLE-2), aquades with 0.04% Sodium triphosphate (SpLE-3), aquades with 2.0% SpLE (SpLE-4), and aquades with 2.0% SpLE-N (SpLE-5). One-way ANOVA was used to analysese data statistically and if there were significant differences, it was followed by Duncan’s new multiple range test. The results showed that there was an inhibition zone in SpLE against S. typhimurium, E. coli, and L. acidophilus (P <0.001). SpLE-N and chitosan inhibited S. typhimurium and E. coli (P<0.001). While Tetracycline inhibited only E. coli (P<0.001). Currently, findings show that S. polyanthum leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth and colonization of several pathogenic bacteria.

One of the most common methods for purifying RNA is using TRIzol reagent because of its simplicity and economic feasibility. However, the drawback of this method is frequently the low quality of extracted RNA due to contaminants from the residue of phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate from the reagents. This study aimed to evaluate the improvement in the quality and concentration of RNA after the optimisation treatment. One-month-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stem was used in this research. TRIzol or acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform-based method was given optimisation treatments of the initial sample amount, twice chloroform extraction, overnight precipitation at low temperature, and three times final washing with ethanol. The results showed no significant improvement (p > 0.05) in the purity ratio A260/A280. At the same time, there was a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in RNA yield and purity ratio A260/A230. The quality of RNA was verified using agarose-formaldehyde electrophoresis gel. Eight of nine samples (89%) from the optimised group had better RNA integrity characterised by sharp bands for 28S and 18S rRNA. Furthermore, a representative sample from the optimised group was successfully synthesised into complementary DNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers of the ubiquitin (UBI3) gene. To sum up, optimised TRIzol-based protocol provides meaningful insight to produce RNA with better quality and suitability for downstream applications.

Nanoencapsulation preparation was carried out to optimize the antioxidant properties of salam leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum). The ionic gelation method was used in the process of making nanoencapsulation with chitosan and Sodium Trypolypospat (STPP) as a coating material. The parameters observed included the antioxidant activity of salam leaf extract and the characteristics of the nanoencapsulation of salam leaf extract. NSLE characterization was measured, such as particle size, zeta potential (using Particle Size Analyzer), and nanoparticle morphology (using Transmission Electron Microscopy). Descriptive analysis was used to discuss the results obtained which are equipped with tables and figures. The results showed that the optimum formulation of NSLE was the ratio of extract nanoencapsulation: chitosan: STPP was 1: 4: 1/90. The antioxidant activity of the salam leaf extract was 68.55%, then the measured NSLE particle size was 478.3 nm with a Polydispersity Index (PI) of 0.52 and a measured zeta potential value of + 42.3 mV. NSLE particle morphology looks round with a rough surface. Characterization of NSLE has the potential to protect bioactive compounds so that they can optimize the performance of antioxidant activity.