Abstract:The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to update cadastral records in areas affected by landslides. Its authors intended to compare the accuracy of coordinates determined using different UAV data processing methods for points which form the framework of a cadastral database, and to find out whether products obtained as a result of such UAV data processing are sufficient to define the extent of changes in the cadastral objects. To achieve this, an experiment was designed to take place at the site of a landslide. The entire photogrammetry mission was planned to cover an area of more than 70 ha. Given the steep grade of the site, the UAV was flown over each line at a different, individually preset altitude, such as to ensure consistent mean shooting distance (height above ground level), and thus, appropriate ground sample distance (GSD; pixel size). The results were analyzed in four variants, differing from each other in terms of the number of control points used and the method of their measurement. This allowed identification of the factors that affect surveying accuracy and the indication of the cadastral data updatable based on an UAV photogrammetric survey.

The space occupied by allotment gardens constitutes a special element of green infrastructure and it is important for the implementation of the idea of sustainable urban development. The areas occupied for this specific purpose are decreasing throughout Europe, in those countries where allotment gardens have a long tradition and their existence is regulated by law. The aim of this research is to analyze the data on the number and area of allotment gardens, their distribution across Poland and within the exemplary city, as well as to analyze the process of regulating the legal status of the land occupied by allotment gardens. The research defined the number and area of family allotment gardens in Poland, the range of the claims against family allotment gardens and types of entities filing these claims across the country. The performed research study found that the land occupied by family allotment gardens requires protection and regulation of its legal status, which is difficult to carry out due to various entities submitting claims to these areas resulting from their attractive location in cities. The publication proposes system solutions that guarantee protection of allotment gardens, maintenance of the status quo and preservation of their current boundaries.

Green space is essential for the implementation of the idea of sustainable urban development. This paper contains original research on the implementation of local government tasks in the development of public green space. The aim of this research was to analyse the actions taken by the municipal authorities regarding the development of public green space, including the acquisition of real properties, the regulation of their legal status, as well as the adoption of planning and programme documents. The Polish Central Statistical Office data on the public green space of the largest cities in Poland were analysed in order to determine the dynamics of changes. Then, the focus was placed on Krakow, where the authors analysed in detail the distribution and type of urban green space as well as the actions taken by the Municipality to both extend it and to protect it against building development. The criterion of green space accessibility to city residents was indicated as a necessary aspect to be considered in the overall assessment of the existing greenery. The conclusions include the assessment of the actions of the Krakow authorities and the observed trends in the development of public green space.

This research paper discusses the issue of the influence of claims for restitution of expropriated real properties on the process of managing public property. Owners of expropriated properties in Poland are protected in the real estate management process. It consists in the legislator imposing an obligation on the public legal entity to notify the entitled persons about the possibility to seek restitution of their properties if the intended purpose of expropriation has not been implemented and if the property is planned to be used for other purposes by the executive body. The thesis of this research paper is the statement that current legal regulations, in particular as regards the obligation to notify former owners, bring about problems in the process of the managing real estate owned by the State Treasury and local government units. The objective of this research paper is to identify problems in the process of public property management with respect to the rights of former owners to seek restitution of expropriated properties. Amendments to the regulations on real estate restitution were proposed in order to streamline the processes of rational real estate management, while respecting the principle of protecting property rights.

„Code civil des Français”, zwany Kodeksem cywilnym Napoleona, wprowadził we Francji w 1804 r. Napoleon Bonaparte. Obowiązywał on również na części ziem polskich od 1 maja 1808 r. do 31 grudnia 1946 r. Kodeks stanowił domniemanie własności państwowej dla wszystkich gruntów o nieuregulowanym stanie prawnym. Zgodnie z art. 713 Kodeksu Napoleona, dobra niemające właściciela należą do państwa. Sąd Najwyższy w uchwale z 27 czerwca 2013 r. orzekł, że przepisy Kodeksu Napoleona mogą stanowić samodzielną podstawę dokonania wpisu w księdze wieczystej prawa własności nieruchomości na rzecz Skarbu Państwa. Do dziś duża część nieruchomości w Polsce ma nieuregulowany stan prawny. Zjawisko to dotyczy również gruntów Skarbu Państwa, dlatego dopuszczenie regulacji stanu prawnego nieruchomości na podstawie Kodeksu Napoleona przez uchwałę Sądu Najwyższego daje szansę uregulowania stanu prawnego wielu nieruchomości. W artykule przeanalizowano orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego w celu wskazania dokumentów oraz procedury niezbędnej do dokonania wpisu prawa własności w księdze wieczystej w oparciu o art. 713 Kodeksu Napoleona na rzecz Skarbu Państwa.