Unfavorable change compared to the previous survey in 2009 was the increase of fat and saturated fatty acid energy percent in women, the decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption, which explains the decreased fiber intake. An increasing trend in added sugar energy percent in each age groups of both genders was observed compared to 2009. Interventions focusing on the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption and decreasing of saturated fat and added sugar intake are needed. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(15), 587-597.

The current study is a contribution to reading research dealing with tuition in reading comprehension and specifically with the issue of arranging tuition to support the development of metacognition. The empirical findings referred to in this study are from textual discussions of works of fiction in grades 6 and 7. The specific focus of the study is the correlation between the linguistic strategies used by the teacher and the pupils' opportunities to develop metacognitive perspectives as a consequence of these strategies. The study shows how the teachers, by use of a series of linguistic strategies, can offer pupils support in order to (1) identify and visualise the premises of their personal queries; (2) observe and verbalise their processes of interpretation together with their emotional reactions when reading; (3) survey, adjust and communicate their use of reading comprehension strategies and (4) recognise the text as an aesthetic construction and the interaction/transaction between texts and the reader.

(Raphael 1982;Palincsar & Brown 1984; Baumann, Jones & Seifert-Kessel 1993;Franzén 1993;Guthrie et al. 1996;Sternberg & Grigorenko 2002a;2002b; Oszkus 2006;Anmarkrud & Bråten 2012 InledningDagens samhälle ställer allt högre krav på en muntlig och skriftlig kompetens innefattat förmågan att läsa, kritiskt granska, analysera och värdera olika källor, kommunicera via olika genrer och texttyper samt navigera mellan olika språkliga arenor. Detta reser höga krav på skolan att erbjuda en undervisning som stödjer eleverna i att utveckla sådana färdigheter. Samtidigt visar både PIRLS och PISA att svenska skolelevers läsförmåga sjunker i relation till tidigare mätningar, i motsats till bl.a. norska. (Skolverket 2007:305; 2010:352; Skolverket 2012:381). Enligt mätningen 2009 går så mycket som var femte skolelev ur den svenska grundskolan utan att ha uppnått en grundläggande läsförmåga ( :352, Skolverket 2012 381). Den senaste mätningen i PISA

High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake are associated with high blood pressure. The elderly are more salt sensitive than other age groups, yet a reliable estimate of the dietary sodium and potassium intake of this age group in Hungary is unavailable. The study aimed to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes in the Hungarian elderly from 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion. In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected from patients of general practitioners practicing in western Hungary. The participants comprised 99 men and 90 women (mean age 67.1 (SD 5.4] years) who participated in the Biomarker2019 survey and returned a complete 24 h urine collection. We assessed dietary sodium and potassium by determining 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions and 3-day dietary records. The mean urinary sodium was 188.8 (73.5) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 11.0 g of salt/day; and the mean urinary potassium was 65.8 (24.3) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 3.03 g of potassium/day, after adjusting for non-urinary potassium losses. Only 7% of the subjects met the World Health Organization’s recommended target of less than 5 g of salt/day, and 33% consumed at least the recommended potassium amount of 3.5 g/day, based on the estimates from 24 h urine excretion. For most elderly, sodium intake exceeds, and potassium does not reach, dietary recommendations. The results underline the need to intensify salt reduction efforts in Hungary.

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