Introduction: In the last few decades, the prevalence of hypertension has been drastically increased in India. Hypertension is defined by the presence of a chronic elevation of systemic arterial pressure above a certain threshold value. Proper management of hypertension may require both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Aerobic exercise and Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular relaxation (JPMR) technique both are Non-pharmacological interventions for reducing blood pressure. Method: Interventional study was done by Random sampling method and conducted on 20 hypertensive subjects. Subject willing to participate, age group 20-55 year both male and female and blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg were included. Subjects not able to understand, psychologically unstable, systemic illness and subject who were not regularly taking medications were excluded. 20 hypertensive subjects, randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group was asked to do 5 sessions of Aerobic exercise for 30-45 minutes per week for 4 week and the second group was asked to do 5 sessions of JPMR for 30 minutes per week for 4 week. In both the groups pre and post systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in sitting position. Subjective results were established. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS16. There was statistically significant difference between pre and post value of SBP (p<0.05), DBP (p<0.05) in both groups, but the aerobic exercise showed more significant results as compared to the JPMR. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that Aerobic Exercise is more effective in hypertensive than Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular relaxation technique. Keywords: Aerobic Exercise, Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular relaxation technique (JPMR), hypertension

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by partial or complete narrowing of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, resulting in repeated episodes of airflow cessation, oxygen desaturation, and sleep interruption. Obesity is the most powerful risk factor for OSA. Obesity structurally increases the collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway due to excessive fat deposition. Prevalence of obesity in India is 40.3%. STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) is a concise, effective, and reliable OSA screening tool. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of OSA among obese individuals in Ahmedabad by using SBQ. Method: Approval of the ethical committee was taken. Using Convenient sampling method Selection of 204 subjects according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria has been done. After taken written informed consent from the subject Screening of all subject has been done. BMI More than 25kg/m2, Age ≥18 years, both male and female and non-alcoholics were included. Not willing to participate and subjects unable to understand were excluded. Statistical analysis was done. Then prevalence has been ruled out. Results: All data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. It was found that the prevalence of OSA was highest in Obese class-3 (84.61%), age group of 50–59 (85.29%) and male gender (71.42%). According to Chi –Square test, Association was found with male gender, age more than 50 years, and body mass index >30kg/m2. Conclusion: 204 subjects taken for study showed prevalence of OSA among obese in Ahmedabad is 69.11%. It was also found that prevalence rate was 5.12% higher in obese males than females. Key words: Prevalence, Obstructive sleep apnea, Obese, Ahmedabad.

Introduction: Hypertension known as a raised arterial pressure. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Stress is one of the factors that is responsible for hypertension which is measured by galvanic skin response (GSR). Findings from the previous studies were showed that the breathing exercise can help in the reduction of the blood pressure by acting on autonomic nervous system. Several studies have shown the effects of aerobic exercise in reduction of the blood pressure but there was scarcity of the studies done on additive effects of diaphragmatic breathing on essential hypertension. Materials and Method: After taking informed written consent subjects were randomly divided into two groups by simple random sampling method. Group A received Aerobic exercise and Group-B received Diaphragmatic breathing + Aerobic exercise. The duration of the treatment was of the 4 weeks. Pre and post intervention BP, GSR, FVC, FEV1 and DASS 21 were measured. Results: Paired t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for within group analysis which shows the significant improvement was found in both groups in all outcome measure. There was significant difference was found in between groups in FVC and FEV1 (p < 0.05). However there was no statistical significant difference was found in between groups in SBP, DBP, GSR and DASS-21(p > 0.05). Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing along with the aerobic exercise has significant effects on FVC and FEV1 however there were no additional significant effects found on BP, GSR and DASS-21. Keywords: Hypertension, Diaphragmatic breathing, Aerobic exercise, Blood pressure, Galvanic skin response, pulmonary function test