The orthodontic treatment of patients with medical disorders is becoming an increasing aspect of modern day practice. This article will draw attention to some of the difficulties faced when orthodontic treatment is provided and will make recommendations on how to avoid potential problems.

wrote the protocol, obtained ethics and other research approvals, recruited participants, collected, analysed and interpreted data and produced the initial report. Fatma Fenesha collated, analysed and interpreted the data and produced the initial report.

While infantile hemangiomas are very common, congenital hemangiomas are rare and less understood. Congenital hemangiomas are present at birth. They fall into 2 major categories: rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma and noninvoluting congenital hemangioma. Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma is the rarer of the 2 entities. If not recognized and treated appropriately, noninvoluting congenital hemangioma can lead to considerable morbidity. There is a paucity of literature regarding noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas. In this article, we will outline our experience with this condition, focusing on clinical and angiographic features. There is a distinct angiographic appearance of noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas involving an arterial-capillary web, a dense tumor blush with identifiable feeding arteries, no arteriovenous shunting, and variably present draining veins. Our experience with endovascular embolization and direct percutaneous treatment is the largest for this entity to date. Endovascular embolization and/or direct percutaneous sclerotherapy of this lesion may obviate subsequent surgical resection.