In our group of patients, patients suffering from MS had significantly more IJV morphological changes and haemodynamic abnormalities when compared with healthy individuals not suffering from MS. These findings can be well demonstrated by non-invasive and cost-effective Doppler ultrasound.

Endovascular treatment of the IJV and azygous veins in patients with CCSVI and MS is a safe procedure with no post-procedural complications followed by significant improvement of IJV flow haemodynamic parameters and decrease in the EDSS score. Whether CCSVI percutaneous treatment might affect clinical improvement in patients suffering from MS is yet to be seen after completion of major multicentric clinical trials, still it seems like that this procedure is not negligible.

The main CEA hemodynamic effect was an increase in the BFV of the ipsilateral ICA regardless of the degree of stenosis.

Color duplex sonography can be effectively used as a primary diagnostic tool for evaluation of patients with suspected internal carotid artery restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.

The occlusion of the contralateral ICA is an important factor differentiating between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe carotid stenosis. Successful surgery provides good recovery of cerebral hemodynamics in both symtomatic and asymptomatic patients.