Recent research has showcased the potential of nanopores to detect molecular features along a DNA carrier strand, including proteins such as anti-DNA antibodies [5] and streptavidin, [6,7] singlestranded versus double-stranded regions of a molecule, [8] DNA-hairpins, [9,10] and aptamers. [11,12] Potential applications range from digital information storage, [9,10] multi plexed sensing, [9,11] and genomic and/or functional genomic applications including genome mapping [13] and epigenetics. [14,15] Solid-state pores in particular can target a more diverse analyte pool than protein pores [16] (e.g., dsDNA, proteins, nucleosomes [17] ) and thereby give access to a broad range of single-molecule applications.A key challenge in performing multilocus sensing of motifs along DNA is the inherent sensitivity of single-molecule systems to noise. Unwanted conformations/ topologies and molecular fluctuations (both equilibrium and nonequilibrium in nature) create systematic and random distortions in the electrical signal pattern of motifs resolved by the sensor. For example, closely spaced features along DNA cannot always be resolved in a given single-molecule read even with state-of-the-art measurements performed with 5 nm diameter nanopores, [10] requiring multiple independent reads from identical copies of different molecules to confidently resolve the features. In addition, the stochastic nature of the translocation process gives rise to broad distributions [18,19] in tag spacings measured across a molecular ensemble; [7] these broad distributions necessitate averaging over additional molecules to obtain precise spacing estimates. A related challenge is providing independent genomic distance calibration along individual single-molecule reads, so that sensor output can be linked to sequence position without a priori knowledge of the distance between motifs. While optics can provide high-resolution spatiotemporal data, [20,21] nanopores can only infer spatial information implicitly from temporal data. In order for nanopore technology to achieve its full potential, it is essential that singlemolecule reads have sufficient quality (e.g., contain sufficiently low systematic and random errors), so that the requirement for further ensemble-level averaging over different molecules is minimized or eliminated. The technology can then be applied to the complex, heterogeneous samples reflective of applications where every molecule may have a different number of bound motifs possessing a distinct spatial distribution.Solid-state nanopores are a single-molecule technique that can provide access to biomolecular information that is otherwise masked by ensemble averaging. A promising application uses pores and barcoding chemistries to map molecular motifs along single DNA molecules. Despite recent research breakthroughs, however, it remains challenging to overcome molecular noise to fully exploit single-molecule data. Here, an active control technique termed "flossing" that uses a dual nanopore device is presented to trap a proteintagged...

An insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a label-free method that has been extensively utilized for manipulation of nanoparticles, cells, and biomolecules. Here, we present a new iDEP approach that can rapidly trap nanoparticles at the close proximity of a glass nanopipette’s tip by applying 10 V/cm direct current (DC) across the pipette’s length. The trapping mechanism was systemically studied using both numerical modeling and experimental observations. The results showed that the particle trapping was determined to be controlled by three dominant electrokinetic forces including dielectrophoretic, electrophoretic and electroosmotic force. Furthermore, the effect of the ionic strength, the pipette’s geometry, and the applied electric field on the entrapment efficiency was investigated. To show the application of our device in biomedical sciences, we demonstrated the successful entrapment of fluorescently tagged liposomes and unlabeled plasma-driven exosomes from the PBS solution. Also, to illustrate the selective entrapment capability of our device, 100 nm liposomes were extracted from the PBS solution containing 500 nm polystyrene particles at the tip of the pipette as the voltage polarity was reversed.

.04 Kph respectively. The result revealed a significant positive correlation was found between bowling speed and adductor strength (r =0.60), bowling speed and abduction (r=0.56), bowling speed and internal rotation (r=0.59), bowling speed and external rotation (r=0.59).A positive mild correlation bowling speed and flexion (r=0.48), bowling speed and extension(r=0.46). Conclusion: The result of study concludes that a significant, moderate correlation exists between shoulder strength and bowling speed, so the shoulder strength training protocol can be incorporated for increasing the speed of the bowler.

Early stage detection of cancer is essential for the improved long-term survival of patients. Currently, costly, extensively complex and invasive procedures, such as surgical tissue biopsies, are used for cancer screening. Thus, over the past few decades, advancements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip approaches have been made to develop minimally invasive and miniaturized platforms to identify and segregate circulating cancer biomarkers such as exosomes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from body fluids. Our study presents a comprehensive overview of all such microfluidics based approaches for point-of-care cancer diagnostics, which have proven to require significantly reduced sample volumes with cost effective and minimally invasive criteria. We have also discussed the need for integrated and more efficient devices to further advance these technologies to be suitable for liquid biopsy in the clinical settings.