Topically applied pharmaceuticals in the form of patches that distribute medications for systemic effects at predefined and controlled rates are known as "transdermal drug delivery systems." The main function of TDDS is penetration of drug through skin. It works extremely simple, with the medicine being put within the patch and is placed on the skin. As a result, a consistent concentration of medication remains in the bloodstream for an extended period. They come in variety of forms, including single-layer drugs in adhesives; inter drugs in adhesives, buffers, and matrix systems. The market price of TDDS products is rapidly expanding. More than 35 items have now been authorized for sale in the United States, and roughly 16 active substances have been approved for usage as a TDDS globally. It is a drug delivery system that has a bright future. It helps in reducing use of syringes for administering a wide range of drugs, but the price is an essential aspect to consider because developing countries like India have the world's second-largest population, but TDDS is a secret part of treatment used for the general population due to rising costs. This review article on transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) contains information on the transdermal drug delivery system, Advanced development and the evaluation procedure. Keywords: TDDS, Drug penetration, Bright future, Rising costs, Evaluation procedure.

This paper aims to review the basic concept of radiation biology and better understand the mechanism of toxicity when interacting with living tissue. The main content of this review includes the source of radiations, unit and measurement, mechanism of tissue injury and possible effects from that exposure; theoretic dose-response curves and their uses in radiation biology; stochastic versus non-stochastic effects of radiation exposure possible acute and chronic radiation exposure effects. Apart from that, we have also reviewed the recent development and progress available as well as under investigation, potential countermeasures compounds against the radiation-induced injury.

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