The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented many novel situations that have amplified the presence of moral distress in healthcare. With limited resources to protect themselves against the virus and strict safety regulations that alter the way they work, healthcare providers have felt forced to engage in work behaviours that conflicted with their professional and personal sense of right and wrong. Although many providers have experienced moral distress while being physically in the workplace, others suffered while at home. Some healthcare providers worked in facilities that were unable to open during the pandemic due to restrictions, which could contribute to a sense of powerlessness and guilt. The current study assessed whether the ability to see patients each week impacted the relationship between an employee's moral distress and their mental health strain, burnout, and maladaptive coping. A total of 378 healthcare providers responded to weekly surveys over the course of 7 months (April 2020–December 2020). Hierarchical linear modeling techniques were used to examine the study variables over time. Results showed that moral distress predicted an individual's mental health strain and burnout, even after controlling for the prior week. However, moral distress was not a significant predictor of maladaptive coping. Interestingly, there was not a significant difference between the average ratings of moral distress between those who were able, and those who were not able to see patients, meaning that both groups experienced symptoms of moral distress. However, cross‐level moderation results indicated that the ability to see patients magnified the relationships between moral distress and mental health strain and burnout over time. Implications of the results and recommendations for how moral distress should be addressed among healthcare providers are discussed.
There is a clear benefit in delaying serial casting after the injection of botulinum toxin in the recurrence of spasticity at the gastrosoleus that may also offer an advantage regarding the incidence of painful episodes associated with casting. Most importantly, reducing the recurrence of spasticity by delayed serial casting may offer the possibility of decreasing the frequency of botulinum toxin reinjections.
Three decades ago, the relative importance of the detrimental effects of obesity on health was called into question by a longitudinal study 1 that included 10 224 men and 3120 women who were followed up for more than 8 years. The findings showed that better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as measured by a maximal treadmill exercise test, was associated with decreased all-cause mortality in both sexes. Based on the maximal treadmill tests, participants were stratified into quintiles of fitness categories, with 1 equaling the lowest level of fitness and 5 being the highest level of fitness. Analysis of lifestyle behaviors and clinical measures, such as blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), found that for both men and women, all variables, except BMI and familial coronary heart disease (CHD) only for women, VIEWPOINT
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