Thesis. Jan Švankmajer’s Kunstkammer is a project with a complex constellation of meaning that defies clear-cut categorization in the context of Pomian’s theory of semiophores. Discussed concepts. The paper describes the kunstkammer art project created by Jan Švankmajer, a Czech surrealist, in the context of Pomian’s theory of semiophores and compares it to traditional and historical equivalents, using the concepts of micro- and macrocosm, the world as a stage (Theatrum Mundi), hermeticism, and alchemy. Results and conclusion. Jana Švankmajer’s Kunstkammer should be analyzed primarily in the individual and subjective context, rather than in the social one. Originality/cognitive value of the approach. Pomian has described many examples of traditional kunstkammers, but there are also several modern collections that have not yet been described in the literature.
Now that the audiovisual culture is evolving, films seem to be a source of various stories about us and our world and of certain models that we follow. Film, as a discursive element of pop culture, calls for a search for answers to some most ambiguous questions regarding the axiological colours of the child's worlds. The aim of these considerations is to recognize and describe the axiological dimension of the child's world in contemporary Polish cinema, using films by Dorota Kędzierzawska as examples. The child's worlds, unobvious due to axiological chaos, are shown. Presenting ordinary, everyday children characters in different moments of their lives is supposed to encourage the challenge of scientific reflection on childhood in the modern world. Key words: child's worlds, narrative film, axiology Stulecie kina, stulecie dzieckaŻyjemy w czasach, w których niewątpliwie dokonało się przejście od kultury słowa do kultury obrazu. XX wiek, dzięki narodzinom sztuki filmowej, podniósł rangę i dowartościował wizualny oraz audialny wymiar komunikacji społecznej, ukształtował system znaków i znaczeń audiowizualnych. I choć obecne stulecie nie jest już "wiekiem kina", jak określił XX wiek Arnold Hauser, wciąż jednak oglądamy filmy, czerpiąc z nich wiedzę o społeczeństwach. Dwoista natura kina, polegająca na tym, że jednocześnie rejestruje codzienność i kreuje zmieniającą się ikonosferę sprawia, że sprawdza się ono jako przestrzeń edukacyjna.
Aim: The interwar period in Czechoslovakia was a time of societal anxiety. The aim of this paper is to find the central themes of societal fear, as reflected in the surrealist works of Vítězslav Nezval, a czech poet. The analysis will be based primarily on the lyric poetry from the collections: Žena v množném čísle [Woman in Plural] (1936) and Absolutní hrobař [Absolute Gravedigger] (1937). Methods: The analysis is based on the Josef Vojdovík’s anthropo-phenomenological method of exploring the surrealist perceptions of the body, which is based on vertical and horizontal anthropological dimensions and phenomenological conceptions of fears. Results: Surrealist poetry and other literary works contain images of the body that are changed by fear: deformations, metamorphoses, fragmentarisations, hybridisations, expressing the body as a collage, a mosaic, an amalgam, a phantom, a grotesque, an inlay, and as lifelessness. It undergoes multiple metamorphoses, not only within its own form, but also with regard to the categories of life and lifelessness. Conclusions: The analysis leads to the conclusion, that V. Nezval’s works show a clear tendency to portray the body as an object which undergoes a metamorphosis. The body is balanced on the edge between living and dead, organic and inorganic, it is determined by time and space. It is often shown along the narrowing-widening relation, in stupor, petrification, reduced to a flat surface or miniaturised.
Teza. Kunstkamera Jana Švankmajera to projekt o skomplikowanym układzie znaczeń, którego nie można jednoznacznie przyporządkować do jednej kategorii w kontekście teorii Krzysztofa Pomiana o semioforach. Omówione koncepcje. Artykuł opisuje artystyczny projekt kunstkamery czeskiego surrealisty Jana Švankmajera w kontekście teorii semioforów Krzysztofa Pomiana oraz porównuje ją do jej tradycyjnych i historycznych odpowiedników odwołując się do koncepcji mikro- i makrokosmosu, teatru świata, hermetyzmu i alchemii. Wyniki i wnioski. Kunstkamerę Jana Švankmajera powinno analizować się w kontekście nie tylko społecznym, ale przede wszystkim indywidualnym i subiektywnym. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza podejścia. Krzysztof Pomian opisywał różne przykłady tradycyjnych kunstkamer, tymczasem istnieje kilka współczesnych przykładów tego typu kolekcji, wcześniej nieopisanych w publikacjach w języku polskim.
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