For the first time in Ukraine, it has been shown that transgenic soybean cv. Grimo and Monro is affected by various pathogens, including viral diseases. Negative effect of the Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-infection on the productivity and yield structure of soybean plants is proved. Also, significant role for the cultivation of transgenic soybeans (Kyiv and Poltava regions, Ukraine) is revealed for growth conditions. Cultivation of the cv. Monro in different weather and climatic conditions has shown that the growth limiting factor is moisture. In 2018, harvest of soybean cv. Monro in farm "Mriya" in Kyiv region was 3.1 t/ha, but in the farm "Mir" in Poltava region it was almost twice lower. We analyzed the coefficient of significance of deviations of the agrometeorological regime in 2018 comparing with the average perennial metadata. It was 1.14-2.30 and demonstrated that the conditions in 2018 are very different comparing with the average perennial parameters and close to the rare. SMV named SGK-17 (Ac No MG940988), isolated from transgenic soybean plants cv. Monro from Kyiv region, was studied in the detail. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the SGK-17 coat protein gene region (430 nt) were compared with sequences of SMV isolates from different countries. SGK-17 has the highest identity level (97.9% nt and 97.2% aa) with isolates from China, Poland, Iran, USA, Ukraine and is belonging to the one cluster with them. Four unique substitutions in CP gene of SGK-17 are revealed, which can be involved in its ability to infect transgenic soybean.

The aim of this study was to investigate biological and molecular properties of two Ukrainian tomato isolates of potato virus M (PVM), K-16 and Pol-14, to determine their phylogenetic relationships and the genetic variability of PVM isolates. Study of phylogenetic relationships of two Ukrainian tomato PVM isolates with 35 isolates represented in GenBank was conducted. It was found that the coat protein (CP) gene sequence identity between two Ukrainian PVM isolates is 94.3% at the nucleotide level and 100% at the amino acid level. The highest level of the sequence identity (97.0% and 96.5% nt and 100% aa) have the isolates K-16 and Pol-14 with the German potato isolate DSMZ PV0273, Indian potato isolates Del 123, Del 134, Del 147, M 34 and Chinese isolate from pepino GS-6-2 (isolate K-16), which testifies about their common origin. Ukrainian tomato isolates K-16 and Pol-14 belong together with all European, Chinese, Iranian, Indian isolates to PVM-o clade or group I. It was found that the nucleotide substitutions in the capsid protein gene of all tomato PVM isolates (except the Italian) are synonymous. Analysis showed that the global dN/dS ratio for the entire CP gene sequences used in the study was 0.041 (p Keywords: potato virus M; Solanum lycopersicum; phylogenetic analysis; genetic variability; selection pressure.

Although peroxisomes play an essential role in viral pathogenesis, and viruses are known to change peroxisome morphology, the role of genotype in the peroxisomal response to viruses remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the impact of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) on the peroxisome proliferation in the context of pathogen response, redox homeostasis, and yield in two wheat cultivars, Patras and Pamir, in the field trials. We observed greater virus content and yield losses in Pamir than in Patras. Leaf chlorophyll and protein content measured at the beginning of flowering were also more sensitive to WSMV infection in Pamir. Patras responded to the WSMV infection by transcriptional up-regulation of the peroxisome fission genes PEROXIN 11C (PEX11C), DYNAMIN RELATED PROTEIN 5B (DRP5B), and FISSION1A (FIS1A), greater peroxisome abundance, and activation of pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase. Oppositely, in Pamir, WMSV infection suppressed transcription of peroxisome biogenesis genes and activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, and did not affect peroxisome abundance. Activity of ROS scavenging enzymes was higher in Patras than in Pamir. Thus, the impact of WMSV on peroxisome proliferation is genotype-specific and peroxisome abundance can be used as a proxy for the magnitude of plant immune response.

No abstract

No abstract