Energy-saving technologies and equipment significant transformations of plant raw materials. During mass exchange and heat processes, there is not only the loss of moisture, minerals, and vitamins but also a change in the structure and organoleptic properties of raw materials. That is why the choice of the method for processing vegetable raw materials, which best preserves its native properties, is an important task for manufacturers of candied vegetables. The traditional methods for processing the plant raw materials can include:-thermal treatment under the influence of high temperatures (blanching, boiling, warming, frying);

Biscuits are common snacks, which have a wide variety of flavors. With the enhancement of modern health awareness, regular biscuits with high sugar, oil, fat and low protein cannot meet the demand of customers. Customers need more healthy biscuits in the market. In this study, pumpkin seed meal, konjac along with low-gluten wheat powder were used as the main material and maltitol was added as a sweetener to make a kind of healthy biscuits with high protein, high dietary fiber and low sugar. Pumpkin seed meal is a by-product of the oil production from pumpkin seed, which has high protein content. Pumpkin seed protein is composed of albumin, globulin, glutenin, and proline. It contains high-quality protein and necessary amino acids for people. Konjac is rich in dietary fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis. Maltitol is a healthy sugar substitute. Both of them have a low calorie level. In this study, the effects of the addition ratio of the main material (low-gluten wheat powder, pumpkin seed meal, and konjac powder), the addition ratio of plant oil and butter, and the addition amount of maltitol on the flavor and hardness of the biscuits were analyzed by a single-factor test. Besides, the orthogonal test was conducted, and the results showed that the optimal formula was the ratio of the main material (low-gluten wheat powder, pumpkin seed meal, and konjac powder) of 2:1:1, the amount of plant oil and butter of 4 % and 12 %, and maltitol amount of 20 %. According to the nutritional determination, the pumpkin seed meal biscuits contain 20.4 % protein, 18.0 % fat, 1.8 % ash, 59.2 % total carbohydrate (including 19.1 % dietary fiber and 40.1 % available carbohydrate), and 0.6 % water

Pumpkin seed protein is a high-quality plant protein, which has all essential amino acids for the human body and can also supply essential amino acid histidine for children. When it is introduced to food products, it needs to meet some functional properties, such as solubility, emulsifying ability, foaming ability, and so on. Among them, solubility is very important because it has a great influence on other functional properties of protein. In this study, pH-shifting treatment, which is a novel method to modify protein, is applied to improve the solubility of pumpkin seed protein isolate (PSPI). PSPI treated by pH-shifting treatment was investigated at different pH values (pH 2, pH 4, pH 6, pH 8, pH 10, and pH 12), which were labeled as PSPI 2, PSPI 4, PSPI 6, PSPI 8, PSPI 10, and PSPI 12, respectively. Compared to that of control PSPI (45.6 %), only the solubility of PSPI 8 (55.5 %) showed increased (p<0.05) value, while the solubility of PSPI 2 (13.7 %), PSPI 4 (10.8 %), PSPI 10 (41.8 %), and PSPI 12 (13.4 %) showed decreased (p<0.05) value. Then the average particle size, zeta potential of the soluble protein in PSPI were analyzed, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed. PSPI 2, PSPI 4, and PSPI 12 showed decreased (p<0.05) average particle size after the pH-shifting process. And PSPI 2, and PSPI 12 showed decreased (p<0.05) zeta potential. While other samples didn’t show any significant difference in these two indicators. Besides, the molecular weight of the increased abundance of soluble protein bands was observed at 33 kDa and 25 kDa of PSPI 8. As the solubility of PSPI 8 increased (p<0.05) significantly, it might suggest the PSPI after pH-shifting treatment under pH 8 has more advantages to be used in the food industry

The possibility of using dietary selenium-protein additive "Neoselen" for enrichment of pastes based on mussels with organic selenium has been investigated. The formulation of the pastes involved the use of the soft body of the freshwater mmussels of the genus Anodonta. The influence of the introduction of different percentage of the additive "Neoselen" on the organoleptic properties of the developed pastes based on freshwater mussels was investigated. It is found that the addition of additive "Neoselen" even more than 5% does not impair the taste and color of the developed pastes. Moisture content, moisture retention, fat-holding capacity and active acidity of the developed pastes were investigated. The moisture-holding and fat-holding capacity of the developed paste is determined. The difference in the consistency of pastes based on freshwater mussels with different percentage of unpowered additives was investigated by determining the values of plastic viscosity and modulus of elasticity. The regularities of the influence of the additive "Neoselen" on the general chemical and mineral composition of pastes based on freshwater mussels have been established. It is established that the addition of 1%, 3% or 5% in the paste of additive "Neoselen" can enrich it by 7.8, 23.4 and 39 mkg of selenium, respectively. Studies have shown that in the composition of both the control and experimental samples of pastes in the amount of protein, minerals and water content. With the increase of the content of the additive "Neoselen" in the formulation of pastes, the content of protein and minerals increases. The complex of qualitative characteristics of the developed pastes is investigated. The regularities of the influence of the component composition on the organoleptic and physicochemical and functional-technological characteristics of the minced systems based on freshwater mussels and the additive "Neoselen" have been established. It is established that the optimal doses of the use of additive "Neoselen" in the formulation of pastes ranges from 3-5%.

*Кафедра товарознавства в митній справі Харківський державний університет харчування та торгівлі вул. Клочківська, 333, м. Харків, Україна, 61002 Вперше визначено фізико-хімічний склад двостулкових прісноводних молюсків роду Anodonta півночі України та порівняно з дослідженими даними по молюсками роду Mytilus виду Mytilus galloprovincialis та ідеальним білком по шкалі ФАО/ВОЗ. Для білків двох видів досліджуваних зразків визначено амінокислотний склад м'якого тіла та розраховано амінокислотний скор з послідуючим їх порівнянням. Визначено, що м'яке тіло прісноводних молюсків роду Anodonta має високу харчову та біологічну цінність по вмісту білків та незамінних амінокислот Ключові слова: прісноводні молюски, повноцінний білок, амінокислотний скор, біологічна цінність Впервые определен физико-химический состав двустворчатых пресноводных моллюсков рода Anodonta севера Украины и проведено сравнение с исследованными данными по моллюскам рода Mytilus вида Mytilus galloprovincialis и идеальным белком по шкале ФАО/ВОЗ. Для белков двух видов исследуемых образцов определен аминокислотный состав мягкого тела и рассчитан аминокислотный скор с последующим их сравнением. Определено, что мягкое тело пресноводных моллюсков рода Anodonta имеет высокую пищевую и биологическую ценность по содержанию белков и незаменимых аминокислот Ключевые слова: пресноводные моллюски, полноценный белок, аминокислотный скор, биологическая ценность УДК 664.952/.