Íåïðåðûâíûé ìîíèòîðèíã ðîñòîâûõ ïðîöåññîâ äåòåé èìååò íåïðåõîäÿùåå çíà÷åíèå êàê ÷àñòü ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â îáëàñòè àóêñîëîãèè è ãèãèåíû, ÿâëÿÿñü îñíîâîé äëÿ êîððåêòèðîâêè ðîñòîâûõ ñòàíäàðòîâ è óòî÷íåíèÿ ìåõàíèçìîâ è ôàêòîðîâ ðîñòà è ðàçâèòèÿ ïîäðàñòàþùèõ ïîêîëåíèé. Ñïîð î ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ïðèíöèïàõ îöåíêè ðîñòîâûõ ïðîöåññîâ â êîíêðåòíîé ïîïóëÿöèè, âèäèìî, áåñêîíå÷åí è äèëåììà: «îáùèé èëè ðåãèîíàëüíûé ñòàíäàðò» ÿâëÿåòñÿ â ýòîì ñëó÷àå íàèáîëåå àäåêâàòíûì-îñòàåòñÿ àêòóàëüíîé íà ïðîòÿaeåíèè äåñÿòèëåòèé [Ãîäèíà,

Introduction. Monthly dynamics of sexual dimorphism, SD, of main anthropometric dimensions in pairs of groups of different ethnicity, residing in several capitals of former USSR Republics, is under discussion. Materials and methods. 6 pairs of ethnic groups (1965-1981 years of research) are analyzed — Kalmyk and Russian of Elista, Turkman and Russian of Ashkhabad, Moldavian and Russian of Kishinev, Latvian and Russian of Riga, Tatar and Russian of Kazan, rural Chuvash of Cheboksary. region and Russian of Cheboksary. Data is borrowed from textbooks on physical development, published by Science research institute of child and adolescents hygiene and health protection, collected and treated according to common standard requests. The quantitative estimation of the value of sexual dimorphism is based on Kullback divergence. Results. Relative stability of patterns of dynamics of weight and height and their SD of Kalmyk is in contrast with the significant increase of SD of height of Russian through the first three trimesters. The acceleration of boys compared to girls is fixed for Ashkhabad samples without connection with ethnicity. Turkman boys are characterized by more intensive increase of indices of transversal body development, Russian boys by increase of height first of all. Tatar boys compared to girls have more intensive increase of weight in the first trimester, and more intensive increase of height in the fourth trimester; Russian infants have more or less stable SD of height, but boys have higher levels of weight through the first – third trimesters of the year. Chuvash boys of Cheboksary region as compared to girls have intensive increase of both skeletal growth and weight in the fourth trimester; Russians show the decrease of SD of height towards the end of the year, but keep high levels of SD of weight. In Riga Latvian boys compared to girls have higher rates of increase of height and weight through the first trimester, further on keep the advantage only in weight; Russian boys leave behind girls in weight through the first trimester and in height through the fourth trimester. Conclusion. Analysis of the samples of infants based on pairs of groups «aboriginal - Russian population» revealed that ethnic factor has a significant influence on forming of intergroup variability of growth processes in infancy. Different ethnic groups in one and the same anthropoecological niche have different levels of SD of each somatic dimension and ethno-specific peculiarities of age dynamics of SD of body dimensions.

Ïîä àíòðîïîãåííûìè ôàêòîðàìè (ÀÔ) â àíòðîïîëîãèè è ýêîëîãèè ïîíèìàåòñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ôàêòîðîâ ñðåäû, îáóñëîâëåííûõ ñëó÷àéíîé èëè öåëåíàïðàâëåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ ÷åëîâåêà â ïðîöåññå åãî ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ [Àíòðîïîëîãè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü, 2003]. Ê ôèçè÷åñêèì ÀÔ îòíîñÿòñÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèå àòîìíîé ýíåðãèè, ïåðåìåùåíèå ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ðàçíûõ âèäîâ òðàíñïîðòà, òåõíè÷åñêèå øóìû, âèáðàöèè. Ê õèìè÷åñêèì ÀÔ-õèìè÷åñêèå / òåõíîãåííûå çàãðÿçíåíèÿ ñðåäû è õèìè÷åñêîå çàãðÿçíåíèå ñàìîãî îðãàíèçìà ÷åëîâåêà (ëåêàðñòâà, àëêîãîëü, íàðêîòèêè), ê áèîëîãè÷åñêèì ïðîäóêòû ïèòàíèÿ, ñîöèàëüíûå ñâÿçàíû ñ îáùåñòâåííûìè îòíîøåíèÿìè. Âëèÿíèå ÀÔ îò äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ê äåñÿòèëåòèþ ðàñòåò â ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîé ïðîãðåññèè è ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè àíòðîïîãåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãëîáàëüíûå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå êàòàñòðîôû-ïàðíèêîâûé ýôôåêò, êèñëîòíûå äîaeäè, óíè÷òîaeåíèå ëåñîâ, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå çàãðÿçíåíèÿ, îïóñòûíèâàíèå òåððèòîðèé, ñîêðàùåíèå áèîëîãè-÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Çåìëè. ÀÔ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò óðîâåíü ñòðåññà, êðàòíî ïðåâûøàþùèé åñòåñòâåííûé ñòðåññ ëþáûõ ïðè

Quantitative contribution of a vast complex of factors of family environment to somatic variability of children of Moscow megalopolis aged 3-7 years is under discussion. Material and methods. Data collected on base of Moscow kinder-gardens in 2005-2006. Total number of the sample is 419 boys and 404 girls. Separate age groups are consolidated in a single pool after the procedure of standardization of the dimensions. Somatic status was fixed according to classic anthropometry after Bunak, 1941. To get the exhaustive idea of the family environment, parents were suggested to fill a questionnaire, including age, education and professional status of parents; number of children in the family; living conditions; character of leisure time of a child out of kinder-garden, some medical parameters. The statistical analysis included factor and correlation analysis, analysis of variance, multiple regression, Scheffe-test. Results. Factor analysis of parameters of family environment revealed 3 complexes of combined factors: 1) living conditions, connected with education of parents; 2) combination of age of parents and number of children in the family; 3) education of parents and peculiarities of life-style of a child. Somatic acceleration of children of high educated parents is manifested in longitudinal skeletal dimensions, less in skinfolds and girths. Differences between social groups manifest in less values of longitudinal dimensions of children of workers compared to the children of white-collars, and some increase of transversal development of boys of mothers-workers. As to the preschool girls, the more children are in the family, the less are their skeletal dimensions (height, leg length, pelvic diameter). Such peculiarities of life-style as passive smoking, exploitation of computer vs outdoor play, being derivatives of parent’s educational level, increase somatic differences of children according to the vector of parent’s education. Conclusion. Increase of professional and educational level of parents is connected with some somatic enlarge of the descendants. This effect is the consequence not only of financial advantages of higher social status of parents, but much more the consequence of organization of rational and healthy life-style in the family — nutrition structure, day routine, sport routine — and creating by high educated parents the favorable conditions for adaptation to stresses of modern urbanized environment.

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