Attitudes towards forest ecosystems have been changing together with human needs, which is amplified with society’s increasing need to spend recreation time in the forest. The phenomenon has been particularly visible during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of Poles to forests during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was based on (1) a sociodemographic background questionnaire that consisted of questions about the independent variables and (2) the LAS scale—an independently prepared tool for measuring attitudes towards the forest. In the survey, 1025 people participated (673 women). The age of the subjects was between 19 and 68. The attitude towards the forest was analysed in three dimensions: Benefits, Involvement, and Fears. The Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks were used for statistical analysis. Women and people with primary education expressed the most fears connected with going to the forest. Men and people living in the countryside and in small towns, as well as respondents who were professionally active and performing work connected with forests were the most involved in exploring the forest and working for its benefit. Concerning the forest, concerned women, people from the highest age group, respondents with university education, and white-collar workers notice the most benefits from recreational activities in the forest.

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Communication in the family fulfills a number of important functions: it enables the transfer of information and acquiring knowledge, fosters building bonds and strengthening relationships, and helps build self-esteem and identity. It also serves to convey patterns of social functioning and the value system.The aim of this study is to show the relationship between the preferred values and the assessment of communication in the generational family. 200 people aged 17 to 23 were included in the study. The research used the Short Schwartz Value Scale (SSVS) and the G scale (communication) from the FACES IV by D. Olson. The analysis of the research results shows that people who assess communication in their family best, attach great importance to such values as: benevolence, tradition, conformity and security. The k-means analysis made it possible to distinguish three clusters of the respondents, of which communication in their family is best assessed by people belonging to the second cluster, for which the highest scores regarding the preference for values related to a conservation, openness to change and self-transcendence are characteristic. The surveyed women assess communication in their families better than men. They also more often choose values that are associated with self-transcendence. Men, on the other hand, prefer values related to self-enhancement, mainly power.

The paper aims to recall the most important works and theory of Alice Miller – the psychotherapist, who devoted her entire professional life to exposing violence hidden under the guise of upbringing. The study briefly introduces the biography of Alice Miller, which became available to readers only after her death, thanks to the book of her son. The next part discusses the views of Alice Miller regarding upbringing and the impact of children's experiences and suppressing feelings associated with them on violence in interpersonal relationships

Moving to independent adulthood constitutes a difficult developmental challenge for all young people. But it can be especially hard for those in foster care who often lack support from their birth families and struggle with concerns about their future. The aim of this study was to investigate the circumstances that contribute to the future anxiety affecting looked after children in Poland as they move to independence. A quantitative methodology was used, the results of which show that the future anxiety of young people in foster care correlates with their age, source of income and continuation of education but not with gender, place of residence, type of care placement, current housing, intensity of relationships or current level of education. A similar study of a comparison group of young people who were not looked after and living with their birth families found no differences between the two groups in levels of general anxiety. The findings indicate that future anxiety is common among all young people moving to independence but that for some young people in care, it is sufficiently severe as to impair their progress. The risk and protective factors associated with this are highlighted. The findings also suggest that mentoring is an especially effective way of helping them make a successful transition.