Lexical research based on the assumption that all the main human characteristics are encoded in the natural language constitutes one of the alternative ways of developing a taxonomy of individual differences in psychology. The majority of studies to date, including Polish ones, have been restricted to the analysis of the adjective lexicon, which means their results are at risk of reductionism. The aim of the presented research was to develop a classification of the complete Polish lexicon of person-descriptive terms (adjectives, participles, adverbs, nouns, and verbs). participants and procedure We analyzed 100,000 entries found in a universal dictionary of Polish and identified 27,813 terms used to describe human characteristics. The identified person-descriptive terms were classified by a team of 13 trained judges into 16 subcategories. The judges' taxonomic decisions were tested for validity and reliability. results Personality (dispositional) descriptors (5,598) constitute 20.1% of the Polish lexicon of person-descriptors; this includes 1,641 adjectives and participles, 612 adverbs, 1,442 attribute-nouns, 1,029 type-nouns, and 916 verbs. The analysis of the semantic redundancy of terms representing different parts of speech but having the same common morpheme among dispositional descriptors revealed 1,979 morphemes with distinct meanings. Only 64% of these morphemes are represented by adjectives. conclusions Adjectives constitute the largest group of personality (dispositional) descriptors but do not account for the entire Polish personality lexicon. The results of the study are a point of departure for research into the specificity of the structure of personality descriptions in the Polish language using various linguistic categories and for a comprehensive study on the entire Polish personality lexicon.
The aim of the psycholexical study was to classify the terms describing individual differences in the Ukrainian language.Method. To accomplish this objective, we analysed 220,000 entries included in a universal dictionary of Ukrainian and identified 20,024 terms -adjectives, participles, type-nouns, and attribute-nouns -used to describe human characteristics. The identified person-descriptive terms were classified by a team of five trained judges into 13 categories and subcategories. The judges' taxonomic decisions were tested for validity and interjudge agreement.Results. This procedure yielded lists of Ukrainian personality descriptors, consisting, respectively, of 2,426 adjectives, 2,255 participles, 1,653 attribute-nouns, and 1,474 type-nouns. The analysis of semantic redundancy of terms representing different parts of speech but having the same common morpheme among dispositional descriptors identified a total of 1,634 morphemes that differed in terms of meaning. The analysis identified 212 (22.0% of morphemes) type-nouns that could not be replaced by any different part of speech with the same morpheme to describe the same personality trait. Conclusions.Ukrainian personality lexicon has a comparable or higher diversity of personality-descriptive vocabulary, attested to by the presence of 96% Big Factors markers from international comparative analyses of psycholexical structures of natural languages. The results of the study contribute to the debate on universals in the description of individual differences and constitute the basis for future questionnaire-based studies aimed at identifying the psycholexical structure of the Ukrainian language. StreszczenieCelem przeprowadzonych badań psycholeksykalnych była klasyfikacja terminów, które służą opisom różnic indywidualnych w języku ukraińskim. Są to pierwsze badania psycholeksykalne języka ukraińskiego.Metoda. Aby ten cel zrealizować przeprowadzono analizę 220 tys. haseł zawartych w uniwersalnym słowniku języka ukraińskiego i wyodrębniono 20,024 terminów -przymiotników, imiesłowów, rzeczowników typologicznych i rzeczowników atrybutywnych -używanych do opisu ludzkich właściwości. Zidentyfikowane deskryptory osobowe zostały poklasyfikowane przez zespół przeszkolonych pięciu sędziów do trzynastu kategorii i podkategorii. Decyzje taksonomiczne sędziów zostały zweryfikowane z uwagi na ich trafność i rzetelność.Wyniki. W efekcie opracowano trzy listy deskryptorów osobowości języka ukraińskiego, zawierających odpowiednio 2,426 przymiotników, 2,255 imiesłowów, 1,653 rzeczowników atrybutywnych i 1,474 rzeczowników typologicznych. Analiza semantycznej redundancji terminów reprezentujących różne części mowy, ale posiadających ten sam wspólny morfem wśród deskryptorów dyspozycji pozwoliła zidentyfikować ogółem 1,634 morfemów o odmiennym znaczeniu. Zidentyfikowano w ten sposób 212 (22.0%) rzeczowników typologicznych, które nie mogą być zastąpione przez inne części mowy z takim samym morfemem w opisie tej samej cechy osobowości.Wnioski. Ukraiński leksykon osobowości posiada ...
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