The equilibrium speciation in the aqueous H + /MoO 4 2− / HVO 4 2− /HPO 4 2− /e − system, 0.600 M Na(Cl) medium at 25°C, was characterised by potentiometric [H + ] (glass electrode) and {e − } (platinum electrode) titration techniques as fundamental tools, complemented by 51 V V NMR (131.6 MHz) and V IV ESR spectroscopy. The study has been focused on solutions with the Keggin ratio, (Mo + V)/P = 12:1 and Mo/V Ͼ 5, in the pH range 1.4−4.5, where anions having the formula [H z Mo 12−x−y V V x V IV y PO 40 ] (3+x+2y−z)− are predominant species. Added numbers of electrons per vanadium(V) (e − /V V ) have been kept less than one to exclude reduction of molybdenum(VI). Six reduced molybdovanadophosphate species
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