The Tatra Shepherd Dog is one of five Polish native breeds of dogs originating from the Polish Tatra Mountains. The objective of the study was to determine genetic variation in a population of 60 dogs of this breed, based on polymorphism of 18 microsatellite (STR) markers, recommended by ISAG for canine parentage testing. The analysis showed considerable genetic variability in the studied loci. The 100 alleles identified in the test material were used to determine the polymorphism of the discussed markers. The highest polymorphism was found in the locus AHT171, in which 8 alleles were identified and PIC and H O values exceeded 0.8. The lowest polymorphism was detected for AHTk211, in which 3 alleles were determined, and PIC and H O values were 0.233 and 0.281, respectively. Average F IS had a low negative value, which suggests zero inbreeding of the studied breed. The probability of parentage exclusion estimated for the 18 markers totalled 99.996%.

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Recently, there has been considerable interest in genetic differentiation in the Cervidae family. A common tool used to determine genetic variation in different species, breeds and populations is DNA analysis, which allows for direct determination of the differences and changes within a group of animals. Because the analysis of microsatellite polymorphism in different Cervidae populations revealed considerable genetic variability in individual populations, it was important to test a set of markers in animals from these populations.The study was performed with muscle tissue and blood samples collected from a total of 793 red deer. Six groups (subpopulations) of red deer were defined according to region: Masurian (330 animals), Bieszczady (194 animals), Małopolska (80 animals), Sudety (76 animals), Lower Silesian (62 animals) and Lubusz (51 animals). The analysis involved 12 STR markers (BM1818, OarAE129, OarFCB5, OarFCB304, RM188, RT 1, RT 13, T26, T156, T193, T501, TGLA53), for which conditions for simultaneous amplification were established.Based on this study, it is concluded that the chosen set of 12 microsatellite markers could be used to evaluate the genetic structure and to monitor changes in Poland's red deer population.

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Synopsis. Celem pracy by a odpowied na pytanie, jaka jest relacja pomi dzy poziomem dop at otrzymywanych przez gospodarstwa prowadz ce ekologiczny chów byd a mi snego a osi ganym przez nie dochodem z dzia alno ci. Badania przeprowadzono w 2014 r., i obj to nimi cznie 30 gospodarstw, które podzielono na dwie grupy w zale no ci od ilo ci wyprodukowanego ywca. Materia pierwotny do realizacji bada , uzyskano podczas wywiadu bezpo redniego z producentami rolnymi, wykorzystuj c do tego celu kwestionariusz wywiadu oraz z dokumentacji ksi gowofinansowej. Zgodnie z metodyk przyj t przez IERiG obliczono kategorie dochodowe tj. dochód z dzia alno ci bez dop at i dochód z dzia alno ci, a tak e op acalno produkcji ywca oraz relacj pomi dzy poziomem p atno ci a wysoko ci dochodu (%). W I grupie gospodarstw (x=22,56 dt ywca) produkcja ywca przynios a strat na poziomie 5 521 z /gosp., ale dzi ki subwencjom uda o si osi gn dodatni wynik finansowy (tj. 23 576,49 z /gosp.). Poziom dop at by o 123,42% wy szy ni osi gane przez te podmioty dochody z produkcji wraz z dop atami. W II grupie gospodarstw (x=51,00 dt ywca) osi gni to dodatni wynik finansowy nawet ju bez dop at (tj. 180,18 z /gosp.).