S-Nitrosoalbumin stability is affected by pollution derived metal ions. An inorganic aqueous soluble urban PM fraction might disturb the S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation balance.

GSNO. The effectiveness of NO release was significantly affected by glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AscA). Examination of the combined influence of Cu 2 + ,F e 3 + ,a nd reductants on GSNO stabilityr evealed coppert ob et he main GSNO decomposing species. Computational models of nitrosothiols interacting with metal oxide substrates and solvated metal ions support these claims.T he study stressest he importanceo f the interplay between metal ions and biological reductantsi n S-nitrosothiols decomposition.[a] Dr.

One of the consequences of long-term exposure to air pollutants is increased mortality and deterioration of life parameters, especially among people diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or impaired respiratory system. Aqueous soluble inorganic components of airborne particulate matter containing redox-active transition metal ions affect the stability of S-nitrosothiols and disrupt the balance in the homeostasis of nitric oxide. Blood plasma’s protective ability against the decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under the influence of aqueous PM extract among patients with exacerbation of heart failure and coronary artery disease was studied and compared with a group of healthy volunteers. In the environment of CVD patients’ plasma, NO release from GSNO was facilitated compared to the plasma of healthy controls, and the addition of ascorbic acid boosted this process. Model studies with albumin revealed that the amount of free thiol groups is one of the crucial factors in GSNO decomposition. The correlation between the concentration of NO released and -SH level in blood plasma supports this conclusion. Complementary studies on gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and ICP-MS multielement analysis of CVD patients’ plasma samples in comparison to a healthy control group provide broader insights into the mechanism of cardiovascular risk development induced by air pollution.

Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is linked to the blood oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether oxidative PM modification of ovalbumin (OVA), the major antioxidant serum protein, may alter its antigenicity and/or immunogenicity. Ovalbumin was exposed via dialysis to the standard urban PM (SRM 1648a) or to PM with removed organic content (encoded as LAP). Both structural changes and biological properties of PM-modified OVA were measured. T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (the major antigen-presenting cells) isolated from C57BL/6 and OT-II (323–339 epitope) OVA-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice were used to test the effect of PM on OVA immunogenicity. The immunogenicity of both SRM 1648a and LAP-modified OVA was significantly higher than that of control OVA, as measured by the epitope-specific T cell proliferation and interferon γ production by the stimulated cells. This effect was associated with mild oxidative changes in the carrier molecule outside the structure of the OVA epitope and with increased resistance to proteolysis of PM-modified OVA. Interestingly, dendritic cells showed enhanced capacity for the uptake of proteins when the cells were cultured with PM-modified OVA. Our results suggest that the enhanced immunogenicity of PM-modified OVA is not associated with altered antigenicity or antigen presentation. However, it may result from slower degradation and longer persistence of modified antigens in dendritic cells. Whether this phenomenon is associated with enhanced risk prevalence of autoimmune diseases observed in the areas with high urban PM pollution needs to be explained.