Background and Aims Binge eating disorder (BED) is correlated with substance use. This study aimed to estimate the life‐time prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) among individuals with non‐compensatory binge eating and determine whether their life‐time prevalence of AUD is higher than in non‐bingeing controls. Design A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) for studies of adults diagnosed with BED or a related behavior that also reported the life‐time prevalence of AUD was conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was followed. The protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Setting Studies originating in Canada, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. Participants Eighteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were found, representing 69 233 individuals. Measurements Life‐time prevalence of AUD among individuals with binge eating disorder and their life‐time relative risk of AUD compared with individuals without this disorder. Results The pooled life‐time prevalence of AUD in individuals with binge eating disorder was 19.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.7–27.9]. The risk of life‐time AUD incidence among individuals with binge eating disorder was more than 1.5 times higher than controls (relative risk = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.41–1.79). Life‐time AUD prevalence was higher in community samples than in clinical samples (27.45 versus 14.45%, P = 0.041) and in studies with a lower proportion of women (β = −2.2773, P = 0.044). Conclusions Life‐time alcohol use disorder appears to be more prevalent with binge eating disorder than among those without.

Background Inefficient mechanisms of emotional regulation appear essential in understanding the development and maintenance of binge-eating disorder (BED). Previous research focused mainly on a very limited emotion regulation strategies in BED, such as rumination, suppression, and positive reappraisal. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess a wider range of emotional regulation strategies (i.e. acceptance, refocusing on planning, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, self-blame, other-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing), as well as associations between those strategies and binge-eating-related beliefs (negative, positive, and permissive), and clinical variables (eating disorders symptoms, both anxiety, depressive symptoms, and alexithymia). Methods Women diagnosed with BED (n = 35) according to the DSM-5 criteria and healthy women (n = 41) aged 22–60 years were assessed using: the Eating Attitudes Test-26, the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire-18, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Statistical analyses included: Student t - tests or Mann–Whitney U tests for testing group differences between BED and HC group, and Pearson’s r coefficient or Spearman’s rho for exploring associations between the emotion regulation difficulties and strategies, and clinical variables and binge-eating-related beliefs in both groups. Results The BED group presented with a significantly higher level of emotion regulation difficulties such as: nonacceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional clarity, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, patients with BED were significantly more likely to use maladaptive strategies (rumination and self-blame) and less likely to use adaptive strategies (positive refocusing and putting into perspective). In the clinical group, various difficulties in emotion regulation difficulties occurred to be positively correlated with the level of alexithymia, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Regarding emotion regulation strategies, self-blame and catastrophizing were positively related to anxiety symptoms, but solely catastrophizing was related to the severity of eating disorder psychopathology. Conclusions Our results indicate an essential and still insufficiently understood role of emotional dysregulation in BED. An especially important construct in this context seems to be alexithymia, which was strongly related to the majority of emotion regulation difficulties. Therefore, it might be beneficial to pay special attention to this construct when planning therapeutic interventions, as well as to the maladaptive emotion regulation strategies self-blame and catastrophizing, which were significantly related to BED psychopathology.

Przegląd literatury badań z zakresu regulacji emocji w zespole kompulsywnego objadania się, (BED) opublikowanej w języku polskim i angielskim w latach 1990 - 2020. BED może być rozumiane jako impulsywne i kompulsywne zaburzenie, związane ze zmienioną wrażliwością w aktywacji układu nagrody oraz stronniczością uwagi skierowaną na jedzenie. Wyniki badań neuroobrazowych dowodzą istnienia zmian w obwodach korowo-prążkowiowych u osób z BED, podobnych do tych obserwowanych w uzależnieniu od substancji psychoaktywnych, m.in. zmieniona funkcja kory przedczołowej, okołooczodołowej, prążkowia oraz wyspy. Negatywne emocje oraz deficyty w ich regulacji odgrywają znaczącą rolę w BED. Szczególnie istotne w tym zaburzeniu wydają się: gniew, lęk oraz smutek. Badania zidentyfikowały wzrost negatywnych emocji, poprzedzający epizody objadania się. Jednakże wciąż w literaturze badań brakuje konsensusu czy omawiane epizody redukują negatywny afekt. Osoby z BED częściej wykorzystują nieadaptacyjne strategie regulacji emocji, takie jak ruminacja oraz tłumienie negatywnych uczuć. Rzadziej natomiast adaptacyjne, takie jak poznawcza reinterpretacja. Implikacje kliniczne, poza farmakoterapią, uwzględniają wysoką skuteczność wzmocnionej terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej (CBT-E), terapii dialektyczno-behawioralnej (DBT) oraz psychoterapii psychodynamicznej w leczeniu zaburzonej regulacji emocji w BED. Dalsze badania, z wyszczególnieniem obiecującej metody Ecological momentary assessment (EMA), powinny skupiać się na zmianach emocji związanych z cyklem objadania się oraz identyfikacji czynników wzmacniających.