This paper aims to study the determinants of repayment performance in credit groups in Togo. Because of a lack of existing data, primary data were collected in 2008 through a sample of 36 credit groups gathering 258 people in rural and semi-urban areas of the Maritime region. The counting of repayment responses reveals a good performance (75% of the groups interviewed had repaid their loans). Using the logit model, the results show evidence that peer monitoring (visits between members), social capital (same sex, same ethnic group and same occupation) and informal sources of credit positively affect the repayment performance of groups.RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse les déterminants de la performance de remboursement dans les groupes de crédit au Togo. Le manque de données officielles a conduit à collecter des données primaires sur un échantillon de 36 groupes de crédit représentant 258 personnes dans les milieux ruraux et semi-urbains de la région Maritime. Le comptage des réponses concernant les remboursements révèlent une bonne performance (75% des groupes avaient remboursé leur prêt au moment où nous les avons interviewés). Les résultats issues du model logit montrent que la surveillance par les pairs (visites entre membres des groupes), le capital social (entre personnes de même sexe, de la même ethnie et ayant des activités similaires) ainsi que les sources informelles de crédit ont un impact positif sur la performance de remboursement des groupes. IntroductionConventionally, the credit market behaves as a neoclassical market where there is a single interest rate bringing demand and supply into balance. However, in reality this equilibrium, considered as a benchmark, fails because the market does not succeed in achieving an optimal credit allocation (Petrick 2004). Thus, poor people in developing countries are excluded from bank financing for the following reasons: (1) asymmetric information leading to moral hazard (lack of effort to repay or diversion of credit to other purposes) and adverse selection (choice of borrowers who are too risky) (Stiglitz and Weiss 1981), (2) high transaction costs (costs for acquiring information, monitoring and enforcement and litigation costs in the event of default) (Besley 1994) and (3) a lack of assets that can be pledged as collateral (Pasha and Negese 2014). Microfinance is then seen as a solution that gives poor people in poor countries access to funds.
Résumé Cet article examine l’évolution récente des relations économiques du Japon avec le continent africain dans son ensemble. Le système de coopération économique japonais assure, par l’octroi de ses prêts, la coordination entre les secteurs public et privé et agit comme soutien financier au commerce et aux investissements directs extérieurs. En Afrique, le gouvernement japonais considère que le moment d'aborder une nouvelle stratégie active de commerce et des investissements à l’égard d’économies africaines prometteuses, plus particulièrement pour l’Egypte et l’Afrique du Sud, est arrivé, même si subsistent sur ce continent des risques politiques et économiques importants.
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