[fre] Les français passent davantage de temps à « faire le ménage » qu'à « gagner leur vie » : le travail domestique occupe environ 48 milliards d'heures chaque année tandis que 41 milliards seulement sont consacrés au travail professionnel. Peut-on évaluer ce travail domestique autrement que par le temps passé à l'effectuer? Attribuer une valeur monétaire à ce travail non rémunéré, n'est- ce pas le dénaturer? La question, posée depuis longtemps, a connu un regain d'intérêt dans les années récentes. Cet article, qui est le résumé d'une étude publiée dans Archives et documents, prend le problème d'un point de vue plutôt macroéconomique et cherche ce que vaudrait le travail domestique par comparaison avec le produit intérieur brut. On trouve que les activités ménagères contribueraient à la valeur du PIB marchand pour un tiers ou pour les trois-quarts, selon la méthode choisie. Si l'éventail est large, la proportion est dans tous les cas considérable. [eng] Is it possible to Mesure Household Labor ? - The French devote more time to housework than to making a living; household labor absorbs approximately 48 billions hours per year whereas only 41 billions hours are devoted to market labor. Is it possible to evaluate household labor in any terms other than the hours devoted to it? Is it a distortion to ascribe a monetary value to this non-remunerated labor? This last age-old question has found renewel interest in recent years. This article takes up the problem from a rather macroeconomic standpoint and examines the possible value of household work in relation to the gross domestic product. We find that household activities contribute about one-third to three-quarters of GDP, depending on the method of measurement. Though the range of uncertainty is considerable, the proportion is high in all cases. [spa] ¿ Es factible medir las labores caseras ? - Los Franceses dedican mas tiempo a las labores caseras que a ganarse la vida : las labores caseras ocupan aproximadamente 48 mil millones de horas al ano mientras que 41 mil millones de horas tan solo estan dedicadas al trabajo profesional. ¿ Es factible valorar estas labores caseras de otra manera que por el tiempo que se les dedica? Si se atribuye un valor monetario a dicho trabajo no remunerado ;no se le desvirtuará? La interrogante, planteada desde hace tiempo, despertó ûltimamente un nuevo interés. Este artículo, el que resena un estudio publicado en Archives et documents, plantea el problema desde un punto de vista mas pronto macroeconómico y investiga acerca de lo que valdrían las labores caseras con relación al producto interior bruto. Se desprende de ello que las actividades caseras contribuirían al valor del PIB mercante por un tercio o tres cuartos segun el método elegido. Si la espiral es amplia, la proporción, en todo caso, se revela de consideración.
Two years after the 2001 Toulouse industrial disaster, a longitudinal study was set up to evaluate the impact of the disaster. The current substudy examines the medium-term impact (5 years) the incident had on the mental health of 3,004 participants. As part of the monitoring, data relating to the psychotropic drug use of 2,494 participants were collected from administrative databases 4 years after the disaster. Use of psychotropics was higher among women for anxiolytics (10.4% for men and 15.0% for women), hypnotics (10.5% and 17.0%), and antidepressants (7.6% and 11.2%). Exposure to the disaster, especially proximity to the exposure, was significantly associated with the use of antidepressants in men, OR = 3.22, 95% CI[1.57, 6.61]. This was also the case for other exposure factors (saw dead or injury, injured, home damage, death or injury loved one, psychological disorders, exposure toxic fumes): range of OR 1.75 to 2.52 in men, 1.48 to 1.62 in women. In conclusion, this study highlights the medium-term psychological impact of an industrial disaster on psychotropic drug use and the potential for using medical records data as a means for tracking postdisaster mental health.
Besides the 'classic' cardiovascular risk factors (high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome and diabetes), the work environment is playing an increasingly significant role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several elements contribute to the effect of the work environment: physical factors, chemical factors, shift work and psychosocial factors. The effects of psychosocial factors on the aetiology and progression of cardiovascular disease have been confirmed by several studies. Identification of these work-related psychosocial factors must be taken into account when evaluating cardiovascular risk factors, in order to ensure better prevention.
Strong associations between professional trajectories and mortality from different causes of death were found. Long exposure to lower socioeconomic conditions was associated with increased mortality risk from various causes of death. The results also suggest gradual associations between transition rates and mortality.
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