The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak threatens not only physical health, but also the psychological health of society. Psychological effects have mild to severe impacts. Adolescents are still classified as unstable age, thus they are easily shaken psychologically, experiencing excess anxiety and fear of contracting the virus. Anxiety in adolescents is a natural reaction in this COVID-19 pandemic situation. However, if this situation lasts for a long time, it may cause psychological problems. This study used a descriptive quantitative design with a survey method. Population sampling used non-probability sampling technique, i.e. purposive sampling, in order to obtain a sample of 95 female teenager respondents. This study aims to investigate the anxiety and compliant levels of the female teenager related to new habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the majority of respondents were adolescents with a mild (80%), followed by moderate (8.4%), and severe (10.5%) level of anxiety. Based on these data, it means that teenagers currently have a fairly good level of stress management, although there are still some teenagers who experience severe level of anxiety. The possible cause of this condition was the abundance of information about the corona virus, which had a negative impact. Indeed, we have to update our information as an effort to remain vigilant. However, continuous exposure will have an impact on mental health, in which resulted in stress, anxiety, panic, and fear. Compliant of the female teenagers to new habits during the New Normal period was achieved by washed our hands (61.1%), always using masks (86.3%), always applying social distancing (50.5%), and staying at home (55.8%). The role of adolescents in new habits is urgently needed to prevent transmission of COVID-19.
Lead is one of the pollutants widely spread in the environment because it is not easily decomposed. Lead can affect system functions such as the ovary and endometrium. Lead can trigger oxidative stress by reducing antioxidant enzymes and increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Lead can also reduce Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels by disturbing the hypothalamus. Chitosan is an antioxidant compound that can reduce the toxic effects of lead. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of chitosan administration on the diameter of antral follicles, the number of endometrial arterioles, and the thickness of endometrial rats after lead acetate exposure. This study was an experimental laboratory using a posttest-only control group design approach applied on 25 female rats aged 8 weeks old, body weight 125-175 grams. Lead and chitosan were given orally with a sonde. There were 5 groups, namely, negative control group (without any treatment), positive control group (lead 175mg/kg/BW), treatment group 1 (lead 175mg/kg/BW + chitosan 16mg/kg/BW, treatment group 2 (lead 175mg/kg/BW + chitosan 32mg/kg/BW), and treatment group 3 (lead 175mg/kg/BW + chitosan 64mg/kg/BW) for 30 days. The rats were sacrificed at proestrus phase, which was proven from vaginal swab. Observations were carried out using the Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. The observations were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) test. The results showed significant results (p-value <0.05). Chitosan can increase the diameter of the antral follicle, increase the number of endometrial arterioles, and increase the thickness of endometrial rats exposed by lead acetate.
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