Lead is one of the pollutants widely spread in the environment because it is not easily decomposed. Lead can affect system functions such as the ovary and endometrium. Lead can trigger oxidative stress by reducing antioxidant enzymes and increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Lead can also reduce Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels by disturbing the hypothalamus. Chitosan is an antioxidant compound that can reduce the toxic effects of lead. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of chitosan administration on the diameter of antral follicles, the number of endometrial arterioles, and the thickness of endometrial rats after lead acetate exposure. This study was an experimental laboratory using a posttest-only control group design approach applied on 25 female rats aged 8 weeks old, body weight 125-175 grams. Lead and chitosan were given orally with a sonde. There were 5 groups, namely, negative control group (without any treatment), positive control group (lead 175mg/kg/BW), treatment group 1 (lead 175mg/kg/BW + chitosan 16mg/kg/BW, treatment group 2 (lead 175mg/kg/BW + chitosan 32mg/kg/BW), and treatment group 3 (lead 175mg/kg/BW + chitosan 64mg/kg/BW) for 30 days. The rats were sacrificed at proestrus phase, which was proven from vaginal swab. Observations were carried out using the Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. The observations were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) test. The results showed significant results (p-value <0.05). Chitosan can increase the diameter of the antral follicle, increase the number of endometrial arterioles, and increase the thickness of endometrial rats exposed by lead acetate.

Background: Stressors in everyday life cannot be predicted in various forms; if individuals cannot cope with exposure to stress, it causes chronic conditions. Corticosterone is a biomarker associated with chronic adaptation. Weight loss is associated with an increase in glucocorticoid hormones due to stress which affects the burning of brown fat so that calories are burned.Objective: Analyze the effect of increasing serum corticosterone levels due to chronic stress on changes in body weight of Rattus novergicus.Methods: Samples were 34 Rattus norvegicus which were divided into 2 groups, control and stress treatment using the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) method. Serum corticosterone levels were detected by ELISA examination and body weight changes were monitored twice, before and after CUMS was given.Results: Corticosterone in the treatment group was higher (72.84 ± 64.03) than the control group (23.29 ± 8.42). Changes in body weight of the control group (14.62 ± 4.98) were heavier than the treatment group (-10.33 ± 11.24). Statistical test p=0.000 (p <0.05).Conclusion: chronic stress increases corticosterone hormone levels in Rattus novergicus serum and increased levels of corticosterone hormone can reduce body weight.

Introduction: Male infertility can be caused by many factors. One of which is environmental pollution such as lead acetate. Lead acetate exposure can increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), affecting spermatozoa quality. Natural antioxidants and flavonoid on Lemongrass (C. nardus) have a great potential for protecting the male reproductive system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving various dosages of C. nardus extract on the sperm quality of mice. Methods: The Balb/C male mice were divided into five equal groups. The negative control group was injected with 0.01 ml Na-CMC 0.5% within 40 days, and the positive control group was injected with 0.01 ml lead acetate 7 mg/kg BW within 5 days, the treatment groups were injected by 0.01 ml lead acetate 7 mg/kg body weight within 5 days and continuously injected by 0.01 ml of C. nardus extract with various dosage 25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW within 35 days. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed, and sperm suspensions were collected from cauda epididymal to measure the morphology, concentration, and motility.Results: The results showed that giving C. nardus extract could repair morphology, concentration, and motility of spermatozoa with significantly different (p<0.05). The 25 mg/kg BW dose has a good protective effect. Conclusion: The C. nardus extract can repair the decreasing sperm quality caused by lead acetate exposure.

Introduction: Mastitis is inflammation of the breast tissue due to infection with the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria causing local infections. It takes the natural ingredient Annona squamosal extract as an antimicrobial. Purpose: to determine the effectiveness of Annona squamosa leaf extract on the inhibition and killing power of Staphylococcus. Method: Experimental laboratory research with antibacterial activity test. Tube dilution method by incorporating bacteria and extracts with concentrations of 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, 30%, and 32.5% and then measuring the MIC. The diffusion method is carried out by planting bacteria in a Nutrient Agar Plate and then giving the extract with 6 concentrations to calculate the MBC. Results: The results of the One-Way ANOVA test obtained a significance value of (p<0.001), indicating that changes in the concentration of Annona squamosa made a significant difference to Staphylococcus. The correlation test showed a significant p-value of (p<0.001), which means that there was a significant relationship between the administration of extract and the number of Staphylococcus. Conclusion: Annona squamosa leaf extract is able to significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria and the higher the concentration of Annona squamosa leaf extract, the fewer the number of bacterial colonies that grow.

Penyebaran pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh dalam sendi kehidupan salah satunya pelayanan program Keluarga Berencana (KB), yang disebabkan karena masyarakat tidak berani keluar dengan adanya himbauan tetap di rumah, alat kontrasepsi terbatas dan pelatihan bagi provider berhenti. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsultasi online terhadap pengetahuan akseptor KB pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Lamongan. Desain penelitian adalah  Pre Experiment dengan pendekatan Pre Post Test Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Akseptor KB di Kabupaten Lamongan sejumlah 45 responden dengan menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian adalah  ada pengaruh Konsultasi Online Terhadap Pengetahuan akseptor KB dengan p value 0,000. Melihat hasil diatas maka perlu adanya rekomendasi konsultasi online kepada akseptor KB agar target kunjungan tercapai dan tidak terjadi baby boom.