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A thermophilic, rod-shaped, motile, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium strain 70B(T) was isolated from a geothermally active underground mine in Japan. The temperature and pH range for growth was 50-81 degrees C (optimum 71 degrees C) and 6.2-9.8 (optimum pH 7-7.5), respectively. Growth occurred in the presence 0-2% NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). Strain 70B(T) could utilize glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, pyruvate, cellobiose and tryptone as substrates. Thiosulfate was used as electron acceptor. Major whole-cell fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) DMA (dimethyl acetal), C(16:0) and anteiso-C(15:0). The G+C mol% of the DNA was 44.2%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the closest relatives of strain 70B(T) were Thermosediminibacter oceani DSM 16646(T) (94% similarity) and Thermosediminibacter litoriperuensis DSM 16647 (93% similarity). The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain 70B(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thermovorax subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Thermovorax subterraneus is 70B(T) (=DSM 21563 = JCM 15541).