Background: Dengue is viral disease of human transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. The clinical signs and symptoms of dengue infection range significantly, from mild dengue fever to a severe illness. Objective: Our study aims to describe the potential predictive hematological parameters which are associated with severity in dengue patients. Methodology: This study was descriptive study conducted at the department of Pathology (Hematology), Maqsood Medical Complex and General Hospital, Peshawar, for duration of six months from 1st May 2022 to 31st October 2022. Blood samples were taken aseptically from all the included patients and were sent to the hospital diagnostic laboratory where the hematological parameters were determined. All the data was collected in a pre-designed proforma. The data analysis was done by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In the current study, a total of 160 patients were enrolled. There were 102 (63.75%) male patients while female patients were 56 (36.25%). Based on the hematological parameters, the mean (±SD) Hematocrit (%), Hemoglobin (g/dl), White cell count (/µL), Lymphocytes(/µL), Neutrophils (%) and Platelets (/µL) in non severe dengue cases vs severe dengue cases were 39.2 (±5.1)% vs 42.3 (±4.3)%, 12.5 (±0.9) g/dl vs 13.9 (±1.8) g/dl, 3290 (±1.4) /µL vs 4750 (±1.6) /µL, 40.6 (±12.19)/µL vs 46.1 (±9.96) /µL, 44.4 (±16.56)% vs 49.4 (±12.44) % and 10,5000 (±1.12) /µL vs 56,000 (±2.36)/µL respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that some common hematological markers have a substantial correlation with the severity of dengue illness. Keywords: Hematological indicators; severe dengue; Non-severe dengue

Introduction: HIV is the systemic illness known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). According to the report of World Health Organization, 33.2 million people has infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Objective: To determine the frequency of neutropenia in HIV patients in tertiary care hospital. Material and method: The current study was Descriptive, cross sectional study. It was carried out in Hematology department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawa from 30/10/2018 to 30/4/2019. The demographic and clinical data of all patients including age, gender, occupation, residence, neutrophil count and HIV status were recorded on predesigned proforma. The study data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: In our study, totally 114 patients were included. There were 71(62%) male patients and 43(38%) female patients in our study. Based on neutropenia status 17(15%) patients were observed with neutropenia whereas 97(85%) patients were not observed with neutropenia Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of neutropenia was 15% in HIV patients in tertiary care hospital. Keywords: neutropenia, HIV, AIDS, Prevalence

Introduction: Globally, the most prevalent hereditary hemoglobinopathy is thalassemia. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine consequence in patients with thalassemia major, affecting 20-30% of patients Objective: To determine the frequency of diabetes mellitus in thalassemia major patients presenting at tertiary care hospital Methodology: Study design was descriptive cross sectional, conducted at Department of Hematology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for duration of six months from 13 January 2020 to 13 July 2020. In the current study a total of 193 patients presenting with thalassemia major were observed. Blood samples were taken and sent to hospital laboratory for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. All the collected information were entered and analyzed in statistical software SPSS version 22. Results: Among 193 participants, 133(69%) patients were in age group 5-11 years, 60(31%) patients were in age group 12-18 years with mean age of 7 years and SD of ± 4.86. Gender distribution was analyzed as 108(56%) patients were male while 85(44%) patients were female. Based on frequency of diabetes mellitus, 10(5%) patients were observed as diabetic while diabetes mellitus was not observed in 183(95%) patients of thalassemia. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of diabetes mellitus was high in thalassemia major patients in our population. In order to minimize endocrine disorders in Pakistan, there is a need of new policies and management strategies. Key words: Diabetes mellitus; Thalassemia major; Morbidity

Objectives: To assess the impact of lymphopenia on the COVID-19 disease outcome. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: ICU and Isolation Ward of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: July 2020 to Dec 2020. Material & Methods: Different parameters of CBC were performed using the five parts Sysmex differential hematology analyzer BS-1800. A total of 274 patients were included via non probability sampling. Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designed performa prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: The absolute lymphocyte count was lower in patients who were admitted in ICU as compared to those in isolation ward (p-value 0.07). Likewise patients with severe lymphocytopenia (lymphocyte count less than 0.5) had a greater rate of mortality (p value 0.01). No significant difference in term of TLC and ANC was noted in survivor’s vs non survivors groups in present study. Conclusion: Our study concludes that lymphopenia serves as a reliable and early prognostic factor in determining disease severity and mortality COVID-19.