Context: Use of information technology hardware given new heights to professional success rate and saves time but on the other hand its harmful effect has introduced an array of health related complaints causing hazards for our human health. Increased use of computers has led to an increase in the number of patients with ocular complaints which are being grouped together as computer vision syndrome (CVS). In view of that, this study was undertaken to find out the ocular complaints and the factors contributing to occurrence of such problems in computer users. Aims:To evaluate the factors contributing to Ocular complaints in computer users in Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, U.P. India. Settings and Design:Community-based cross-sectional study of 150 subjects who work on computer for varying period of time in Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods:Two hundred computer operators working in different institutes offices and bank of were selected randomly in Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, and Uttar Pradesh. 16 were non responders 18 did not come for assessment and 16 were excluded due to complaints prior to computer use making no response rate Twenty-one did not participate in the study, making the no response rate 25%. Rest of the subjects (n = 150) were asked to fill a pre-tested questionnaire, after obtaining their verbal consent Depending on the average hours of usage in a day, they were categorized into three categories viz. <2 hrs, 2-6 hrs, >6 hrs of usage. All the responders were asked to come to the Ophthalmic OPD for further interview and assessment. Statistical Analysis Used:Simple proportions and Chi-square test.Results: Among the 150 subjects studied major ocular complaint reported in descending order were eyestrain. (53%). Occurrence of eye strain, ( 53.8%), itching ( 47.6%) and burning (66.7%) in subjects using computer for more than 6 hours. distance from computer screen with respect to eyes, use of antiglare screen, taking frequent breaks, use of LCD monitor and adjustment of brightness of monitor screen bear a significant association with these ocular complaints in computer users. Conclusions:Eye strain is the most common ocular complaints among computer users working for more than 6 hours a day. We also found that maintaining ideal distance from screen, keeping level of eyes above the top of screen, taking frequent breaks, using LCD monitors and using antiglare screen and adjusting brightness levels according to workplace reduced these ocular complaints to a significant level.Smita agarWal, DiShanter goel, anShu Sharma

Conflict of interest: JLG held a sponsored research agreement with Novartis that funded this work and currently holds funding from EMD Serono. VR received a consulting honorarium from EMD Serono and Fluidigm. BNH is an employee of Novartis.

Objective This study was designed to assess clinical predictors of hypoxemia and develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for prediction of hypoxemia during sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy examination. Methods A total of 220 patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Data on demographics, chronic concomitant disease information, neck circumference, thyromental distance and anaesthetic dose were collected and statistically analysed. Results Univariate analysis indicated that body mass index (BMI), habitual snoring and neck circumference were associated with hypoxemia. An ANN model was developed with three variables (BMI, habitual snoring and neck circumference). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ANN model was 0.80. Conclusions The ANN model developed here, comprising BMI, habitual snoring and neck circumference, was useful for prediction of hypoxemia during sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

People living with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience episodic CNS white matter lesions instigated by autoreactive T cells. With age, patients with MS show evidence of gray matter demyelination and experience devastating nonremitting symptomology. What drives progression is unclear and studying this has been hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we show that passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by an adoptive transfer of young Th17 cells induced a nonremitting clinical phenotype that was associated with persistent leptomeningeal inflammation and cortical pathology in old, but not young, SJL/J mice. Although the quantity and quality of T cells did not differ in the brains of old versus young EAE mice, an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in B cells were observed in the brains of old mice. Neutrophils were also found in the leptomeninges of a subset of progressive MS patient brains that showed evidence of leptomeningeal inflammation and subpial cortical demyelination. Taken together, our data show that while Th17 cells initiate CNS inflammation, subsequent clinical symptoms and gray matter pathology are dictated by age and associated with other immune cells, such as neutrophils.

Surgical intervention is warranted irrespective of age and helps correct and control hypertension better; however, significant numbers of patients still require antihypertensive medication and regular monitoring. Intervention using an interposition tube graft may affect the prevalence of hypertension.