Compliance with the proposed D/DBP Rule may be dictated to a much more significant degree by haloacetic acids than by THMs. The proposed Disinfectants/Disinfection By‐products (D/DBP) Rule establishes a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for haloacetic acids (HAAs) of 60 μg/L and revises the MCL for trihalomethanes (THMs) to 80 μg/L. In anticipation of the proposed rule, researchers obtained finished drinking water from six North Carolina utilities and analyzed for THMs, HAAs, and total organic halides. Samples from representative locations within the distribution system were collected three times over 12 months to discern seasonal patterns in DBP formation. Relationships among the different by‐products were explored, as was their relationship to raw water quality. The results suggest that HAA concentrations can be as much as 50 percent greater than THM concentrations and that the occurrence of HAAs in finished drinking water may be much higher than was anticipated when the D/DBP Rule was proposed.

Aqueous waste organics are an abundant resource generated continuously by industry and human metabolism.

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This review, for literature published in 2012, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following topics: pretreatment, membrane bioreactor (MBR) configuration, design, nutrient removal, operation, industrial treatment, fixed film and anaerobic membrane systems, reuse, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, membrane fouling, and modeling. Other sub‐sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include: Biological Fixed‐Film Systems, Activated Sludge and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, Water Reclamation and Reuse. The following sections might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.