Newly discovered tetrapod footprints from the middle Permian Pelitic Forma tion of Gonfaron (Le Luc Basin, Var, France) are describe d in detail and assigned to the ichn ogenu s Hyloidichnus. These specime ns are very well-preserved, with detailed trackways showing anatomical features, digit drag traces and continuous tail impressions. Together with other Hyloidichnus specime ns from the same locality and from the University of Burgund y collections, they allow the identification of the possible trackma kers of Hyloidichnus: sm all Hyloidichnus footprints are correlated with captorhinomorphs with autopodia similar to Captorhinus wh ereas large Hyloidichnus footprints might be correlated with larger captorhinomorphs or other 'basal' (eventually stem -) moradisaurines. A detailed comparative analysis is proposed to be tter un derstand the locomotion style of the trackma kers. Starting from the reconstruction of the stance ph ase of Captorhinus, we docume nt the swing ph ase of the fore-and hind -limb s of captorhinomorphs thanks to the continuous digit drag traces associated with Hyloidichnus. A link be tween gait and track preservation have be en highlighted through the analysis of tail impressions and high-resolution 3D models. In all, this stud y increases our un derstanding of captorhinomorph locomotion and enhanc es the integration of both tracks and skeletal rema ins to highlight the biome ch anics of Permian tetrapods.
A new dictyoneurid insect, Dictyoneura goujonorum n. sp. from the Latest Ghzelian -Asselian basin of Graissessac (Hérault, France) is described in details. It is represented by a wellpreserved specimen with wings of 32-35 mm long and 13-14 mm wide and other peculiar diagnostic characters such a MP with four branches and a CuP with three branches. As all the other Dictyoneura species are known from the Namurian and/or the Wesphalian, Dictyoneura goujonorum n. sp. is the youngest representative of the genus. It is also the first record of the order Palaeodictyoptera from the Graissessac basin. The Carboniferous-Permian palaeodictyopterans are well-known to have lived in rather humid swamp forests. The global warming and drying of the climate during the Permian and/or the rise of potential predators may be responsible of their extinction.
The earliest Eocene Eochauliops longicornis gen. et sp. n., first fossil Malcidae, is described from the amber of Oise (France). Together with the previous discovery of a species of Blissidae in the same amber, it suggests that the Lygaeoidea were already rather diverse during the Paleocene, even if the Mesozoic record of this superfamily remains uncertain and scarce.
Full body impressions and resting traces of Hexapoda can be of extreme importance because they bring crucial information on behavior and locomotion of the trace makers, and help to better define trophic relationships with other organisms (predators or preys). However, these ichnofossils are much rarer than trackways, especially for winged insects. Here we describe a new full-body impression of a winged insect from the Middle Permian of Gonfaron (Var, France) whose preservation is exceptional. The elongate body with short prothorax and legs and long wings overlapping the body might suggests a plant mimicry as for some extant stick insects. These innovations are probably in relation with an increasing predation pressure by terrestrial vertebrates, whose trackways are abundant in the same layers. This discovery would possibly support the recent age estimates for the appearance of phasmatodean-like stick insects, nearly 30 million years older than the previous putative records. The new exquisite specimen is fossilized on a slab with weak ripple-marks, suggesting the action of microbial mats favoring the preservation of its delicate structures. Further prospections in sites with this type of preservation could enrich our understanding of early evolutionary history of insects.
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