The article is devoted to the modelling of light reflection from real surfaces. Most of the existing models are often created to solve a certain task and therefore can not be used in other realms. To create a model useful for different purposes, we propose a reflective surface representation as a scattering layer bounded by the diffuse bottom and a randomly rough Fresnel upper boundary. Such an approach allows one to account for light polarization in the scattering layer and slope correlation of the randomly rough boundary which paves the way for the observation of some physical effects that take place in nature (for instance, statistical lens emergence). The first results of the light reflection modelling were taken at such initial parameters as to compare to those obtained in other research. Former occurred to be qualitatively of the same form as the latter. The model needs to undergo further validation in numerous experiments to prove its serviceability for different types of reflective surfaces.

Reflection characteristics of asphalt pavements play one of the key roles in road lighting, as luminance is normalized and multiple reflections are absent. The values of the luminance factors of road surfaces can be found by carrying out measurements, but this is not always possible, since it requires the extraction of samples, or is laborious. Therefore, in this article it is proposed to model the spatialangular characteristics of reflection. The developed models (analytical and statistical) allow finding luminance factors for arbitrary angles of incidence and sighting. The models are based on a scattering planeparallel layer. The following optical properties of the medium serve as input data: single scattering albedo, optical thickness, phase function of the particles inside the layer. To validate the models, a comparison was made with the measurement results.

This article shows a new mathematical model for calculation of multiple reflections based on the Stokes vector and Mueller matrices. The global illumination equation and local estimations method were generalized on the polarization case. The results of the calculation of multiple reflections using the local estimations method show a difference of more than 30% between the standard calculation and the polarization-accounting one. A way to describe the surface reflection with polarization account is proposed.

In this article, we describe the mathematical model of the reflective surface as a scattering layer with the diffuse substrate and randomly rough Fresnel boundary. This model opens the way for a physically correct description of the light reflection processes with polarization account and hence enables engineers and designers to obtain much more precise results in their work. The algorithm of Fresnel boundary modeling based on the method of mathematical expectations reduces calculation time by constructing the randomly rough surface only at the ray trajectory nodes instead of constructing realizations of a random field. As a part of the complete reflective surface model, the algorithm made it able for us to model the effect of the average lens emergence.

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