degree of urbanization, climate, and cultural factors. The authors also indicate a strong link between general childhood development and the opportunity and practical conditions for physical and recreational activities provided by family, school, and friend groups. The increase in motor coordination during infancy is easily perceptible. Children acquire a wide range of motor skills, allowing them to better control body posture (i.e., static and dynamic), environmental mobility in various contexts (e.g., walking, running, jumping), and the ability to manipulate various objects and instruments (e.g., catching a ball, throwing a rock, kicking, writing) 5. During preschool and elementary school, capabilities expand to include a repertoire of movements considered as prerequisites for other motor skills. By six years of age, children have the developmental potential to possess most of the fundamental adult motor skills 6. The school environment thus becomes conducive to detecting changes in patterns of child development, whereby behavioural, motor, cognitive, and emotional problems may be indicative of a developmental disorder 7 .
RESUMO: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com Síndrome de Williams e verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso. Para a avaliação do desenvolvimento motor foram utilizados os testes da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor -EDM. Essa criança participou de avaliação motora, intervenção motora (32 sessões, duas vezes semanais) e reavaliação motora. As intervenções motoras mostraram avanços positivos nas áreas da motricidade fina, equilíbrio e organização espacial. Verificou-se que o esquema corporal e a organização temporal foram as áreas de maior prejuízo. O quociente motor geral foi classificado como muito inferior o que caracteriza déficit motor. Esses dados justificam a relevância de programas de intervenção motora para essa população. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Educação Especial. Desenvolvimento Motor. Síndrome de Williams. Avaliação Motora. ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the motor development of a child with Williams syndrome and to verify the effect of a motor intervention program. This is a descriptive case study. Motor development was evaluated using the Motor Development Scale -MDS. The child's motor assessment, motor intervention (32 sessions, twice weekly) and motor reevaluation were carried out. Gains were demonstrated in motor intervention in the areas of fine motor skills, balance and spatial organization. Body Schema and temporal organization were found to be the areas of lesser achievement. The motor quotient generally for all items was classified as very low, characterizing motor deficit. The data justifies the relevance of motor intervention programs for children with Williams syndrome.
ResumoIntrodução: A Doença de Parkinson (DP) ocorre através de uma alteração na via dopaminérgica central da substância negra. Os programas de exercícios físicos e fisioterapia associados aos fármacos e outras diversas formas de tratamento são um meio terapêutico importante para a melhora da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com DP. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca dos efeitos dos programas de exercícios físicos e fisioterapia em indivíduos com DP. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura de estudos publicados em periódicos indexados na base de dados eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library online (Scielo), sem restrição do período de publicação, que possuíam como tema os efeitos de programas de exercícios físicos e fisioterapia em indivíduos com DP. Resultados: Após a análise dos títulos e resumos, permaneceram ao final 8 artigos, nos quais verificamos efeitos de programas de exercícios físicos sobre a na Qualidade de Vida (QV) (3), equilíbrio (02), função motora (01), funções psicológicas e cognitivas (01), desempenho funcional e capacidade física (01) em indivíduos com DP. O período de intervenções nos estudos variou entre 2 e 6 meses, todos relatando efeitos benéficos quando aplicados em indivíduos com DP. Conclusão: Através da análise dos artigos, pode-se concluir que a utilização de programas de exercícios físicos é benéfica em indivíduos com DP.Palavras-chave: doença de Parkinson, programa, exercício. Revisão AbstractIntroduction: Parkinson Disease (PD) occurs over an alteration on the central dopaminergic pathway of black substance. The exercise programs and physical therapy associated with drugs and other various treatments are an important therapeutic method to improve the quality of life of subjects with PD. Objective: To review the literature about the exercise programs effects and physical therapy in subjects with PD. Methods: We performed a review of studies published in periodicals indexed at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) database, without restriction on the period of publication, which had as theme the effects of exercise programs and physical therapy in subjects with PD. Results: After analysis of titles and abstracts, 8 articles remained at the end, in which were verified effects of physical exercise programs on the Quality of Life (QL) (3), balance (02), motor function (01), psychological and cognitive functions (01), functional performance and physical capability (01) in subjects with PD. Conclusion: Through analysis of the articles it can be concluded that the use of exercise programs are beneficial in subjects with PD.
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