The development and design of novel functional and smart textile materials such as textile sensors and multicolored systems based on photochromic dyes necessitate controls of color intensities, switching speeds, and material durability. Precise control and synchronization of dye kinetics are important for multi-colored photochromic applications especially. However, durability towards abrasion and washing should not be compromised on if we aim to design reliable future textile products. In this study, two different commercial photochromic dyes -a naphthopyran and a spirooxazine-based dye -have been applied on PET fabric by inkjet printing and UV-LED curing. The photochromic textiles' color behavior, fastness to abrasion and washing, and handle are evaluated using spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Kawabata evaluation system. Despite a decrease in color performance after washing, the photochromic inkjet print is effective and barely influences the textile structure. Reduced rigidity of the host matrix promoted higher color yields and faster dye kinetics, but also improved durability towards abrasion and washing. In order to synchronize kinetics of the different dye types for multi-colored applications, distinct curing conditions are preferable, which, however, result in varying print durability. In the design of multi-colored photochromic textiles, dye kinetics, and durability have to be balanced.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the comfort properties of modern functional clothing, such as moisture and heat transport. Transport properties are evaluated for real barrier membrane clothes for sport application, under real weather conditions in Middle Europe.Design/methodology/approachThe different combination of functional clothing, with barrier membrane, were investigated under different temperatures and relative moistures inside and outside clothing layers. Water vapour permeability was measured under the steady‐state conditions, by sweating guarded‐hotplate test.FindingsThis paper describes the theoretical analysis of moisture transport, and its influence on thermal conductivity; the paper investigates various barrier fabrics for sport apparel, and their ranges of water vapour transport ability under real weather conditions.Research limitations/implicationsAll received results are based on the transport of water vapour through a semi‐permeable membrane and are supposed to be conducted mainly within a process of diffusion.Originality/valueThis paper is focused on the theoretical analysis of transport by diffusion of water vapour through porous semi‐permeable barrier textile material, and evaluates the real possibilities for sport applications. The level of transport is limited and mainly depends on the difference of the partial pressures of water vapours outside and inside the porous clothing material.

This study proposes a methodology that enables the comparison of textile materials from the point of view of corresponding comfort. Although this study focuses on textile materials used for the construction of car seats, the approach can be used more broadly. First, different aspects, which are more or less closely connected with our problem, are discussed. Among them, two characteristics, i.e. temperature conductivity and breathability, are important. Second, we discuss why it is important to have conclusions about comfort based not only on the subjective feelings of evaluators, but also on objective measurements. To that purpose, an experiment and a questionnaire summarising subjective feelings are proposed and concisely described. Furthermore, the choice of sensors, their placement in a car seat and the manner of recording data are discussed. Finally, the choice of appropriate statistical methods suitable for the analysis of collected data is discussed. The approach is illustrated via real experiments. Our findings support the current trend that the use of 3D spacer fabrics improves both breathability and sitting comfort in general.

Needle heatup is a big issue for apparel industry especially for automobile industry seat covers where a lot of synthetic materials are used which get damaged by needle heat at high speed of sewing machine,in this article thermocamera and thermocouple are used to measure the precise temperature of needle eye and then 100% polyester 35x3 Tex thread is taken for sewing,the lockstitch sewing machine is run at 1000rpm,2000rpm and 3000rpm respectively and the both methods are used to obtain the accurate needle temperature and finally thread tensile properties are measured before the sewing and taking out the thread from the seam precisely to get the tensile properties of thread after 10,30 and 60 seconds of continuous stitching,the article is very helpful in predicting the exact temperature of needle in lock stitch machine and getting the damage to thread by the needle heat at different speeds and different stages of sewing process.

The aim of this study was to develop V-shape compression socks that should exert graduated lateral compression around the leg. For the development of socks, three types of yarns: main yarn (MY), plaiting yarn (PY) and inlaid yarn (IY) were used. Each yarn contained spandex yarn as the core. Machine adjustments were optimized to achieve the special V-shaped compression socks according to size of the wooden leg. Eighteen socks samples were developed and quantified for pressure exertion at ankle and calf portions using the MST MKIV, Salzmann pressure measuring device. Consequently, only two socks samples were accepted, which had the pressure exertion values of 21 mmHg and 23 mmHg with graduation percentage of 73% and 80%, respectively.