ResumenContribuyendo al actual debate de la literatura acerca del estilo educativo parental óptimo para el mejor ajuste psicosocial de los hijos, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar qué estilo se relaciona con el mejor ajuste psicológico de los adolescentes españoles. Participaron en el estudio 772 adolescentes, 358 hombres (46.4%) y 414 mujeres (53.6%), entre 12 y 17 años (M = 14.95, DT = 1.59). Se clasificó a las familias según su estilo de actuación (autorizativo, indulgente, autoritario o negligente). Como criterios se evaluaron autoconcepto y desajuste psicológico en sus medidas multidimensionales. Los resultados muestran que el estilo indulgente, basado fundamentalmente en el afecto y no en la imposición parental, se relaciona con los mejores resultados en los criterios evaluados. Se destaca, por tanto, la importancia de la implicación afectiva de los padres en la socialización de sus hijos para el adecuado ajuste psicológico y emocional de los adolescentes españoles.Palabras clave: Adolescencia, implicación afectiva, estilos parentales, ajuste psicológico. AbstractContributing to the current debate in the literature about the optimal educational parenting style that benefits the best psychosocial adjustment of children, the aim of this study was to analyze which parenting style is related to the best psychological adjustment among Spanish adolescents. Participants in the study were 772 adolescents, 358 males (46.4%) and 414 females (53.6%) between 12 and 17 years old (M = 14.95, SD = 1.59). Families were classified according to their parenting style (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, or neglectful). Self-concept and psychological maladjustment in their multidimensional measures were assessed as criteria. Results showed that indulgent style, fundamentally based on affection and not on parental imposition, is related to the best results on the criteria assessed. The importance of parental affective involvement in the socialization of their children for the adequate psychological and emotional adjustment of Spanish adolescents is highlighted.

The values and attitudes toward education that parents transmit to their children considerably affect their school adjustment. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between academic adjustment in Spanish adolescents and parental socialization styles. Participants in the study were 487 adolescents (53.9% females) between 12 and 14 years old (M = 13.13, SD = 0.79). Based on their responses on a parental socialization scale, families were classified according to the classic four parenting styles typology (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian or neglectful). Academic performance, number of school years repeated, academic self-concept and disruptive school behaviour were evaluated as adjustment criteria. Unlike the findings from studies conducted in other cultural contexts, results of the present study indicated that the best academic adjustment corresponded to adolescents from indulgent families, highlighting the importance of parental involvement, support, affection and dialogue for the optimal academic adjustment of children in the Spanish cultural context.

The aim of this study was to analyze the protective or risk factors of parental educational styles for the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs, considering the interaction of parenting styles with the dangerousness of the neighborhood. Based on the responses of 628 adolescents, 369 females (58.8%) and 259 males (41.2%) between 15 and 17 years old (<em>M</em> = 16.03 years old, <em>SD</em> = 0.79 years old), families were classified according to their educational style (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian or neglectful) and their level of perceived neighborhood risk (high or low). Results showed no interaction effect; however, main effects of educational styles and perceived neighborhood risk were obtained. Adolescents from indulgent families showed the lowest consumption in the substances evaluated, while those from authoritative, authoritarian and neglectful families showed the highest consumption. Moreover, adolescents from high-risk neighborhoods obtained the highest consumption. Indulgent educational style, acting primarily through affection and not imposition, works as a protective factor regardless of the danger in the neighborhood. The importance of encouraging this parental performance in prevention and intervention programs is highlighted, promoting specific educational strategies to improve affection, communication and parental involvement.

Un estudio sobre la contaminación acústica ponde en evidencia la falta de regularización del ruido en la urbes.En Portoviejo, la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial lideró un proyecto sobre esta problemática, que ya fue entregado por la UTM al Municipio. La comtanimación acústica es considerada por la mayoría de la población de las grandes ciudades como un factor medioambiental muy importante, que incide de forma principal en su calidad de cida; es además una consecuencia directa no deseada de las propias actividades que se desarrollan en las grandes ciudades.