The injection of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) into the lens body is an extremely rare complication that can be effectively and successfully managed with the surgical extraction of the implant from the lens body and implant of a 3-piece intraocular lens in the sulcus.

The new "equatorial scleral anchor" surgical procedure gives a similarly good outcome when compared with the classic inferior oblique anterior transposition technique, with the advantages being simple, safe, reversible, and modular in terms of suturing.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography serial changes in three cases of spontaneous closure of idiopathic macular hole at stages II, III, and IV are described. Initial and serial spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images document the progressive closure. Macular holes apparently resolved spontaneously through two different mechanisms: posterior hyaloid detachment in case 1 and a contraction of epiretinal macular membrane in cases 2 and 3. The spontaneous closure of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes may occur in any stage of idiopathic macular hole; the small size of the hole is a common feature in all cases of spontaneous closure reported.

Purpose: A silicone band was sutured anteriorly to the edge of the lateral rectus muscle neotendon during recession surgery in order to reduce and delay the reoccurrence after exotropia surgery. Methods: Collected data of 12 patients (8 males and 4 females), aged 7-54 years with diagnosis of constant manifest exotropia and mean angle deviation in primary position of 15,04˚ (sd 1,18) for near and of 13,23˚ (sd 0,71) for distance. All patients underwent surgical treatment consisting of lateral rectus recession and silicone band apposition in correspondence to the anterior edge of the lateral rectus muscle neotendon. Results: A substantial reduction of the mean angle deviation was observed in all patients after surgery. No adverse band-related effects were detected. Conclusion: The silicone band in the surgical treatment of manifest exotropia could be a valuable aid in delaying the relapse thanks to its physical and structural features and to its biocompatibility.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in patients with acquired VI nerve palsy. Methods: Twenty-eight patients (16 F and 12 M), mean age 36.4 +/− 17.8 DS; range 10 -69 years with acquired VI nerve palsy, have been treated with BTX-A injection into the ipsilateral medial rectus, at least 6 months after onset. At 6 months follow up, a paresis and a paralysis, were respectively diagnosed if the affected eye could be actively abducted or not, across the mid-line; a simple horizontal rectus muscle procedure was performed for the paresis whilst for the paralysis, both a horizontal and vertical muscle transportation procedure were required. Results: A gradual physiological recovery of the lateral rectus muscle was observed in 9 (32%) patients (GROUP I) and surgical treatment was therefore unnecessary; the remaining 19 cases (68%), of which 5 paresis (GROUP II) and 14 paralysis (GROUP III) underwent surgery and within 1 year were all restored to orthotropia. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injection is an invaluable tool in the differential diagnosis between paresis versus paralysis of the VIth nerve, allowing the correct choice of surgical procedure.