Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative to experimental animals.

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RESUMO Considerando a realidade conservacionista dos animais mantidos em cativeiro, em especial os pequenos felídeos silvestres, objetivou-se, com este estudo, descrever o método de coleta de sêmen por cateterismo uretral em Leopardus guttulus cativos, anestesiados com cetamina-dexmedetomidina. Inicialmente foram utilizados 13 animais para coleta de sêmen por cateterismo mediante o uso de diferentes doses de cetamina-dexmedetomidina. Após determinação da dose anestésica ideal para coleta de sêmen nessa espécie, cinco L. guttulus machos foram submetidos a coletas seriadas de sêmen pelo método do cateterismo. A dose ideal para coleta de sêmen foi de 0,008mg/kg de dexmedetomidina e 10mg/kg de cetamina. Os valores médios para volume e concentração foram de 35,9µL e 552,8x106sptz/mL. Com média de 71% de motilidade e 3,1 de vigor, 68% dos espermatozoides apresentaram vitalidade (integridade de membrana) e 77% integridade acrossomal. Sobre as patologias espermáticas, obteve-se uma média de 28% de espermatozoides com defeitos maiores, 6% com defeitos menores e 67% normais. As vantagens do método, como a facilidade e o baixo custo, fazem recomendar sua utilização em L. guttulus, pois foram apresentados bons resultados quanto à concentração espermática, à motilidade, ao vigor, à viabilidade espermática e à integridade acrossomal, sendo uma técnica promissora para utilização em felinos selvagens.

The lack of information about anatomy, physiology and reproductive biology in many snake species makes the understanding of these free-living animals’ reproduction and reproductive biotechnics application in captivity difficult. The present study aims to evaluate the Epicrates cenchria’s testicle morphology and correlate these findings with environmental aspects and reproductive biology. The testicles of five specimens of E. cenchria were histologically evaluated, and it was possible to observe seasonality in sperm production, with the presence of mature spermatozoa in the wettest and warmest periods of the year, as well as the highest testicular volume in these periods. Correlating these findings with that reported in the literature on copulation period presupposes a prenuptial (or associated) pattern in E. cenchria.

RESUMO.A produção de ruminantes no Brasil é feita predominantemente com animais em pastejo, no entanto, forragens tropicais passam por um período do ano em que o teor de proteína bruta (PB) fica abaixo de 7%, reduzindo a eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes pela microbiota ruminal. Dessa forma, a restrição proteica afeta negativamente a idade à puberdade, qualidade seminal, a concentração sanguínea de insulina e glicose, porém, parece não ter efeito sobre o interesse sexual em ruminantes. Palavras chave: Taxa de crescimento, nutrição, libidoProtein in ruminant feed: puberty, seminal quality and sexual behavior ABSTRACT. Brazilian ruminant production is made predominantly with grazing animals, and, in a dry season of year the crude protein (CP) of tropical forage is below 7% reducing microbial efficiency in using of nutrients from diet. Thus, protein restriction affects negatively the age of puberty, seminal quality, blood concentration of insulin and glucose, but seems to have no effect on sexual interest in ruminants.