Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative to experimental animals.

No abstract

A Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB) é um complexo de doenças causadas por infecções parasitárias não contagiosas, sendo no Brasil, os principais agentes etiológicos dessa enfermidade Anaplasma marginale, a Babesia bovis e B. bigemia, comum em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, gerando perdas econômicas no desenvolvimento da pecuária no país, no Brasil ocorre em caráter endêmico. A transmissão biologicamente é realizada pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e mecanicamente, na anaplasmose, por insetos hematófagos (Stomoxys calcitrans, tabanídeos e Haematobia irritans), fômites contaminados e de forma transplacentária. As perdas econômicas se relacionam à redução na produção, seja de leite ou carne, infertilidade temporária de machos e fêmeas, custo de tratamento, gastos com medidas preventivas, cuidados na introdução de animais de áreas livres em áreas endêmicas, qualidade do couro e principalmente, devido a morbidade e mortalidade.  Os agentes de ambas as doenças são parasitas intra-eritrocitário obrigatórios, apresentando sinais clínicos semelhantes, sendo possível mais de um agente acometer o mesmo animal simultaneamente, tornando difícil o diagnóstico de diferenciação em campo. A prevenção é necessária, deste modo o fortalecimento do sistema imunológico pelas inoculações dos agentes infecciosos promove uma defesa natural à doença. A morbidade e mortalidade pela TPB em países de clima tropical e subtropical é alta, por isso o interesse em estudá-la.

In order to reduce the psychological and aesthetic consequences caused by elective or therapeutic orchiectomy, we developed two types of testicular prostheses, which were produced using a 3D printer, with polylactic acid filament, and coated with cyanoacrylate or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). They were tested in Wistar rats, with orchiectomy performed on the left testicle and the prosthesis implanted inside the tunica vaginalis, in group 1 we implanted the prosthesis coated with cyanoacrylate and in group 2 with PMMA. The implants showed interesting features such as low cost, reduced production time, and ease of customization for the patient. Two rats in group 1 had monocular vaginalitis in the region of the tunica vaginalis implant and 3 (3/10, 30%) had fibrous dermatitis. In group 2, 5 rats (50%) had fibrous dermatitis, and none had alterations in the tunica vaginalis. We performed a logistic regression model, the results showed no significant association between the type of prosthesis and the presence of inflammation in the tunica vaginalis (p=0.08) or fibrous dermatitis (p=0.22). However, we suggest further studies with cyanoacrylate. PMMA proved to be an excellent option as a biomaterial for prosthesis. Fibrous dermatitis occurred due to the dermal healing process caused by the surgical incision.

Medical images combined with 3D printing techniques have been a differential for clinical surgical and didactic approaches. The segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images for their 3D printing of biomodels has been showing promise in medical applications. The use of iodine contrast in solution on anatomical specimens promotes an increasing  the density and better caption resolution of CT, expanding the range of possibilities for 3D medicine. With the capture of a complex anatomical arrangement, there is an advantage over the use of biomodels both in a digital and physical interactive way. In this article, we explain how to digitize a set of anatomical structures of the canine urogenital system in topographic position and how to create 3D digital and printed replicas. The biomodel can be applied in the most diverse areas of veterinary medicine and related fields.