Results of a three-dimensional, flux-driven, electrostatic, global, two-fluid turbulence simulation for a 5-field period stellarator with an island divertor are presented. The numerical simulation is carried out with the GBS code, recently extended to simulate plasma turbulence in non-axisymmetric magnetic equilibria. The vacuum magnetic field used in the simulation is generated with the theory of Dommaschk potentials, and describes a configuration with a central region of nested flux surfaces, surrounded by a chain of magnetic islands, similarly to the diverted configurations of W7-X. The heat outflowing from the core reaches the island region and is transported along the magnetic islands, striking the vessel walls, which correspond to the boundary of the simulation domain. The radial transport of particles and heat is found to be mainly driven by a field-aligned coherent mode with poloidal number $m=4$. The analysis of this mode, based on non-local linear theory considerations, shows its ballooning nature. In contrast to tokamak simulations and experiments, where blobs often contribute to transport, we do not observe the presence of intermittent transport events.

The effect of triangularity on tokamak boundary plasma turbulence is investigated by using global, flux-driven, three-dimensional, two-fluid simulations. The simulations show that negative triangularity stabilizes boundary plasma turbulence, and linear investigations reveal that this is due to a reduction of the magnetic curvature drive of interchange instabilities, such as the resistive ballooning mode. As a consequence, the pressure decay length $L_p$, related to the SOL power fall-off length $\lambda_q$, is found to be affected by triangularity. Leveraging considerations on the effect of triangularity on the linear growth rate and nonlinear evolution of the resistive ballooning mode, the analytical theory-based scaling law for $L_p$ in L-mode plasmas, derived by Giacomin \textit{et al.} [{Nucl. Fusion}, \href{https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abf8f6}{\textbf{61} 076002} (2021)], is extended to include the effect of triangularity. The scaling is in agreement with nonlinear simulations and a multi-machine experimental database, which include recent TCV discharges dedicated to the study of the effect of triangularity in L-mode diverted discharges. Overall, the present results highlight that negative triangularity narrows the $L_p$ and considering the effect of triangularity is important for a reliable extrapolation of $\lambda_q$ from present experiments to larger devices.

As lideranças intermédias na escola assumem um papel relevante na melhoria das práticas pedagógicas e no desenvolvimento curricular e, neste contexto, a supervisão pedagógica surge como ferramenta indispensável ao desenvolvimento profissional docente. A nossa investigação foca-se nestas lideranças em São Tomé e Príncipe, em particular, nos delegados de disciplina do ensino secundário, enunciando como objetivo geral conhecer as suas representações relativamente às competências requeridas e funções e como estas se cruzam com as representações dos diretores de escola e supervisores pedagógicos à luz da legislação e da literatura. O estudo segue uma metodologia mista, recolhendo-se dados de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. Construímos um questionário composto por questões fechadas e abertas que foi aplicado aos 130 delegados de disciplina do ensino secundário. Os dados quantitativos foram sujeitos a um tratamento estatístico descritivo e os qualitativos foram alvo de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que os delegados dedicam mais tempo a tarefas burocráticas, seguidas das pedagógicas e, por fim, a tarefas com cunho controlador, embora tenham referido que valorizam mais as tarefas pedagógicas. Referem ainda o apoio, a ajuda, a colaboração e a avaliação como tarefas inerentes ao exercício da função, o que nos permite inferir situarem-se numa supervisão colaborativa, com evidências significativas de monitorização e regulação. Perceciona-se que os delegados procuram incrementar as suas competências e conhecimentos, a nível dos conteúdos disciplinares e da didática por forma a melhorar o seu desempenho e a qualidade da educação.

A 0-D model for the time evolution of the electron temperature T and current density j is derived (following a systematic procedure) from the cylindrical 1-D electron heat transport and current density diffusion equations. The stationary regimes (stable fixed points) of the deduced dynamical system are analysed and it is shown that the model reproduces well the cases of total diffusion (no sources), of a pure Ohmic (OH) discharge and of a constant external heating scenario. Moreover, it is seen that, as the fraction of externally driven non-inductive current applied off-axis is increased, the system moves from an OH regime into an internal transport barrier (ITB) regime, where j is reversed and the negative magnetic shear reduces the heat diffusivity, thus increasing T at the core. When the external power deposition is made proportional to both T and j, limit-cycle oscillations, which resemble those of the O-regime at Tore Supra, are found. The 1-D transport equations are also solved numerically and an ITB oscillatory regime with features similar to the experiments is found, namely, a period of oscillation that is of the order of the resistive time scale, along with a decrease of the oscillationʼs amplitude with increasing frequency.