h i g h l i g h t sWe study the number and date of structural breaks in international tourism demand. We use Bai and Perron (1998) structural break test for 25 countries and Madeira. We fill a gap in the literature regarding the ex-post detection of tourism crisis. We compare the date of tourism crises to the dating of these structural breaks. We observe those tourism crises are largely consistent with the dates of breaks. a b s t r a c tIt is recognised that the tourism industry is vulnerable to some form of crises or disaster. However, despite the attention given to the nature and consequences of tourism crises and disasters, there is a gap in the literature regarding the ex-post detection of these events. In this article, we estimate both the number and date of structural breaks in international tourism arrival series for 25 countries and Madeira Island using the Bai and Perron (1998) structural break test. We compare the date of tourism crises and disasters to the dating of these structural breaks. We observe that tourism crises and disasters are largely consistent with the dates of breaks. Therefore, this method allows us to solve a gap in the tourism industry related to the correct allocation of negative shocks in international tourism arrival demand to crisis or disaster phenomena.

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Our aims in this paper are to 1) examine the higher moments of the distribution of winning percentages and 2) discover economic implications of such an examination. The results prove useful to both current sports league policy questions and future research. We speculate that the institutional differences between North American pro leagues and European soccer leagues will prove fruitful areas for future research on the determination of competitive balance.

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This study investigates the determinants of inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) stock in the French hospitality industry. A panel gravity model is applied to bilateral inward FDI stock between France and nineteen investor countries in Hotels and the Restaurant industry over 2000-2017. Results show that bilateral inward FDI stocks between France and investor countries are positively affected by their income and are inversely proportional to the distance between them. It is also found that differentials between France and the investing countries in terms of taxes, labour costs, abundance of skilled labour, supply of public goods and total FDI stock also play a significant role in understanding the foreign location decisions. Finally, the results show that France is particularly successful in attracting FDI in the hospitality industry from French-speaking countries with a common border and cultural proximity to France.