The impact and relative susceptibility and monitoring of the Leopard moth Zeuzera pyrina L., (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) infestation in pear orchards neighboring and non-neighboring to casuarina trees were evaluated at Borg el-Arab district, Alexandria Governorate , Egypt, during the two successive years 2015 and 2016. The mean rate of Z. pyrina infestation in pear trees neighboring to casuarina trees were 15-21% (mean, 18%). However, pear trees far away and not neighboring to casuarina trees showed significantly lower rate of the borer infestation (7-9%, mean 8%). On the other hand, the rate of Z. pyrina infestation in casuarina trees neighboring to pear trees 13-18% (mean, 15.5%). The degree of Z. pyrina infestation in casuarina trees surrounding pear trees was high (0.42-0.57, mean 0.5 moths / tree / year). The degree of infestation in pear trees surrounded by casuarina wind break trees was high (0.55-0.77, mean 0.66 moths / tree / year). The degree of infestation in pear trees not-surrounded by casuarina wind break trees was almost half degree (0.28-0.37, mean 0.325 moths / tree / year). In all cases, and during the two years of study, moths started to emerge in April and sometimes in May and continued mostly until November sometimes in October. Peaks of moths' emergency were mostly in August. Summer months showed that, the majority of moths' activity. Less mean numbers of emerged moths / tree were noticed in spring months, while autumn showed few numbers, and moths stopped emergence during winter months. The seasonal cycle of Z. pyrina moths consisted of 7-8 months of moths' activity in casuarina trees and pear orchards. Generally, infestation in pear orchards rabidly multiplied and increased more than twice at the end of only two years. These rapid increases impose the urgent need of control Z. pyrina in casuarina trees as well as in pear orchards especially when they are surrounded by infested casuarina wind break trees.

No abstract

In Egypt, Macrotomapalmata F. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious polyphagous pest attacking fruit, wood and ornamental trees. Apricot orchards, however, are liable to severe infestation especially in dense plantations. Hosts and degree of infestation in Matrouh, Alexandria, Fayoum and North Sinai were recorded. The seasonal fluctuation in population was monitored on apricot trees at Alexandria and Giza governorates throughout the 3 successive years (1987)(1988)(1989). M. palmata started to emerge during June and continued until October. At both the experimental sites, M. palmata development was influenced by temperature and relative humidity. Resume-En Egypte, Macrotoma palmata F. (Coleoptere: Cerambycidae) est un ravageur polyphage qui attaque gravement les arbres fruitiers, les boisements et les arbres ornementaux. II a ete toutefois souligne que les abricotiers etaient disposes a une severe infestation surtout en cas, de culture dense. Les notes et le degre d'infestation dans chaque gouvernorat etaient enregistres. La fluctuation saisonniere de la population etait controlee sur les abricotiers du gouvernorat d'Alexandrie et celui de Giza pendant les 3 annees successives : 1987-1989. L'emergence des scarabees a debute au cours du mois de Juin et a continue jusau'au mois d'Octobre. L'infestation a augmente plus de 3 fois au cours de deus ans. L'emergence du scarabee a ete affectee par la temperature et per l'humidite relative a 0,5-1 et 2,5-4,5 mois avant l'emergence a Alexandrie et a Giza respectivement. L'application des insecticides pour la lutte contre le Af. palmata sur l'abricot doit commencer vers fin Juin ou debut Juillet.

Cryptoblabes gnidiella is a polyphagous serious species attacking fruits/pods, leaves and stems. C. gnidiella population level in a pomegranate orchard were studied during two successive years (2015 and 2016) at El-Alamain district in the Northwestern of Egypt (Matrouh Governorate). Moths started to emerge two weeks earlier in 2016 (1 st half of March) than 2015 season (2 nd half of March). Moths` activity continued until the 2 nd half of November 2016 or 1st half of December 2015. Three peaks were detected during the 1 st half of May, 1 st half of July and 2 nd half of August, 2015. But four peaks were detected during 2016 season on the 1 st half of May, 2 nd half of June, 1 st half of August and 2 nd half of September. Summer months recorded the maximum flight activity, (5.01-6.05 moths). Spring and autumn recorded 1.30-1.12 moths and 1.63-0.72 moths. During winter, moths almost ceased to emerge (0.02-0.06 moths). Data showed one brood of the insect activity from mid-March to late November, with only one distinct peak of moth activity during August. The seasonal cycle consisted of an activity season prevailing of about 9 months (from March to November) followed by an inactive season of about 3 months. The majority of moths emerged from the southeastern direction with the most preferred from the south (38.93-47.63%), east (40.40-40.43%), and least from west (10.64-12.62%) and North (1.30-8.05%) directions in two successive seasons 2015 and 2016. The direct effect "simple correlation: r" of the temperature (Day Maximum Temp., Day Minimum Temp. and Day Mean Temp.) on the moth activity was significant during the two seasons of study, while the Day Relative Humidity was less effective.

Alternative non-conventional and environmentally safe means of control of Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in pomegranate orchards by horticultural, mechanical, microbial, and local chemical treatments were evaluated at El-Alamain district, Matrouh Governorate in the northwestern of Egypt during one and two successive years (2015 and 2016). The respective reductions rates of infestation with the following 12 treatments applied for one and two successive years were as follows: dormant pruning (4.04% increased to 4.17%), summer pruning (1.01 increased to 1.39%), dormant and summer pruning (6.06 increased to 8.89%), worming (36.36 increased to 44.44%), bacterial or fungal (14.14 or 10.10 increased to 18.06 or 11.11% ,respectively), local painting or local spraying (72.73 or 78.79 increased to 83.33 or 88.89%, respectively), pruning, worming, together with bacterial or fungal (52.53 or 48.49 increased to 58.33 or 56.94%, respectively), while pruning, worming, and local painting or local spraying treatments (82.83 or 90.91 increased to 91.67 or 95.83% ,respectively). Accordingly, it could be recommended that control of C. gnidiella could be effectively achieved by the safe means such as worming and local painting or spraying on the infestation sites in the crown of the stem.