Abstract:The magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid in porous medium is studied. The governing similarity equation is solved by He's Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The main advantage of HPM is that it does not require the small parameters in the equations and hence the limitations of traditional perturbation can be eliminated. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple and can be applied to other nonlinear problems. The effects of various physical parameters on the flow presented and discussed through graphs.

In Mobile Ad-hoc networks, the rout discovery is accomplished by sending control packets from source node to destination node through intermediate nodes. The replicated copies of the control packets are received at each node of network system. It results in more node energy consumption. In this paper a Threshold probabilistic Route Discovery (THPRD) method has been discussed which helps in reducing the node energy by reducing replicated copies of control packets. The proposed method uses threshold probability which is always less than one in contrast to standard Route Discovery Methods where probability is always unity. The simulation study of the proposed method has resulted in reduction of energy by 40% compared to already existing methods. The simulation study has been carried out for both ad-hoc networks -Grid and Random Scenarios on Network Simulator-2.

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