Introduction: Diabetes is a health problem on the rise in developing countries like Nepal. Oftenin the suburban and rural areas, patients are diagnosed in the late stages with complications. Theaim of this study is to find out the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in a community hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in a community hospital from January toMarch of 2019 after ethical clearance (Registration number: 150320192) from the institutional reviewcommittee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenient sampling technique was used. Glucometerusing glucose sticks is used to measure random blood sugar level and relevant questions were askedin a short interview. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20version. Results: Out of a total of 114 people, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 5 (4.38%). Amongthose 5 (4.385%) people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2 (1.75%) were female and 3 (2.63%) were male.The minimum age of the patient was 17 years and the maximum age was 92 years. Five out of 95patients with mild physical activity had random blood sugar more than 200 mg/dl and five out of46 alcoholic patients had random blood sugar levels more than 200 mg/dl. Only 1 out of 26 smokershad a random blood sugar level of more than 200 mg/dl. Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in our study population is quite high. Earlydetection of diabetes mellitus type 2 can be a good screening tool for early treatment and preventionof complications.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is treated by the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogensin our population. Present infection cases have been showing an increase in resistance to the currentfirst-line of antibiotics. The objective of this study is to determine the resistance of antibiotics inEscherichia coli in a tertiary care center. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital from October 2018 to February 2019. The sample size was calculated, and convenientsampling was done. Patients with urine culture positive (i.e., Colony-forming unit >105) wereincluded in the study. All positive samples were tested for antibiotics sensitivity and resistance. Theresistance to the antibiotics was recorded using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion forbinary data. Results: Out of 100 samples, the highest number of organisms isolated was Escherichia coli, 71 (71%).Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to drugs like Norfloxacin, 37 (52.11%), AmoxicillinClavulanic acid 37 (52.11%), followed by Co-trimoxazole 32 (45.1%), Ceftriaxone, 24 (33.8%), andCiprofloxacin 23 (32.3%). Conclusions: Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to commonly used antibiotics likeNorfloxacin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Co-trimoxazole, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin.

Introduction: Family medicine is a relatively overlooked specialty in Nepalese medical education. It is unclear how many interns are actually interested in Family medicine as a career and how many non-medical individuals are aware of its existence. The aim of this study is to assess information, expectation and perception among interns regarding family medicine and its choice as a career. Methods: This is a descriptive-cross sectional study carried out in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from July 2018 to December 2018. Whole sampling was done. All interns of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital posted in different departments during the time period was the inclusion criteria. Chronic absentees was the exclusion criteria. Factor like age, sex, their residency of choice, and whether they consider family medicine as a potential career were considered. Data was entered in with Statistical Package for Social Services version 16 and necessary calculations were done. Results: Thirty three interns preferred internal medicine as their career of choice, 20 preferred surgery while only three preferred in family medicine. Eighty eight interns, including the three who had family medicine as their career of choice, said that they could consider family medicine as a potential career. Eighty eight out of the 100 interns in the study mentioned that their family had knowledge that a specialty called family medicine existed. Conclusions: Despite being the career of choice of only a few, majority considered family medicine as a potential career for them. And the knowledge about existence of family medicine was high among families of interns.

Background: The use of the internet is growing rapidly worldwide with easier availability and affordability in developing countries like Nepal. Apart from several benefits, it has also led to deleterious effects on certain individuals’ physical and mental well-being. The present study aimed to assess the burden of internet addiction among nursing, dental and medical undergraduates at a medical school, and examine its relationship with depression and sleep quality.Methods: A cross-sectional study among 494 students pursuing nursing, dental and medical undergraduate courses at the same medical college in Nepal was conducted. The burden of internet addiction, depression, and sleep disturbance was assessed using Young’s Internet addiction test, Beck’s depression inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires respectively.Results: The majority of respondents reported either controlled use of internet or mild problem with internet use. However, 4.7% of respondents reported significant problems due to internet use. Further, about 42.3% reported poor sleep quality, and 8.9% screened positive for depression. In both chi-square and logistic regression analyses, internet addiction was significantly associated with poor sleep quality and depression.Conclusion: The study shows that about half of the participants experienced at least some problems and a small but significant proportion of them reported severe problems due to internet use. This warrants the need to address the issue of internet addiction among medical and allied sciences students in Nepal. Further, internet addiction is associated with both depression and poor sleep quality, highlighting a need to develop effective interventions targeting all three problems holistically.Keywords: Depression; internet addiction; sleep quality

Background: Dyslipidemia, a well-known major risk factor for coronary heart disease, is commonly associated with macro-vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Increased level of triglycerides and reduced levels of HDL cholesterol are common lipid abnormalities in diabetes. Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the prevalence and pattern of lipid abnormalities among diabetic patients attending general practice outpatient department in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of General Practice and Emergency of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot, Bhaktapur. Convenience sampling technique was used.After obtaining informed consent, 120 diabetic patients from January 2020 to March 2020 were included. The data collected was entered in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and analyzed. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College.   Results:The average TC, HDL, TG and LDL level among the female participants were 186.18 mg/dl, 41.91 mg/dl, 194.63 mg/dl, 111.88 mg/dl respectively and 186.30 mg/dl, 38.80 mg/dl, 205.60 mg/dl, 125.80 mg/dl among the male participants respectively.Eighty-five (71%) patients had a low HDL level. Total cholesterol was found to be high in 38(32%) participants. LDL cholesterol was high in 77(64%) participants. The triglyceride level was high in 85(71%) participants. Conclusion: This study showed that some diabetic individuals have a lipid abnormality while others did not. This shines light on the importance of regular testing for lipid profile in diabetic individuals because we cannot reasonably predict when a patient will develop dyslipidemia.