BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is one of the most common cancer of women. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is widely used, most convenient, quick and common preoperative diagnostic modality in breast lesions. Cytological grading on aspirates of breast carcinoma is a very useful tool for surgical manoeuvre and prognosis. The aim of the study is to study the correlation of cytomorphological Robinson's grading with modified Bloom-Richardson's histopathological grading of breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 140 cytologically malignant breast tumour cases were included in the study and out of which, 90 cases correlated with histology after mastectomy. FNA was performed with 22-24 gauze needle and smears were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, Papanicolaou and May-Grunwald-Giemsa and evaluated for cytological grading according to Robinson's grading system. H and E stained histosections were graded according to Bloom-Richardson's grading system and comparison were done between the two. RESULTS Robinson's cytological grading correlated well with Bloom-Richardson's histopathological grading. The concordance rate between cytology and histology of Grade I, Grade II and Grade III tumours were 84.61%, 79.16% and 87.5%, respectively. Overall, concordance was found to be 83.6%. The Kappa value showed 95% confidence level. Thus, the strength of agreement between two grading systems considered to be fair. The P value on chi-square analysis showed <0.0001, which was considered statistically significant. Hence, the cytological grading is comparable with histological grading. CONCLUSION Robinson's cytological grading of breast carcinoma correlates well with Bloom-Richardson's histomorphological grading system. Hence, cytological grading in FNAC smears can be used as a prognostic factor for choosing the newer treatment modalities.

BACKGROUNDOral carcinogenesis is a multistep process. The premalignant oral lesions, which develop in the epithelial surface due to chronic exposure to various carcinogens such as tobacco, alcohol, betel chewing and HPV infections get transformed to squamous cell carcinoma in genetically predisposed person. Genetic alterations most commonly associated with oral carcinogenesis is p53 tumour suppressor gene mutation.The objectives of this study are,  To find out the incidence of various oral squamous epithelial lesions and to evaluate and compare immunohistochemical expression of p53.  To assess the degree of p53 staining intensity from dysplasia to malignancy in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this prospective study, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining was performed to see the p53 expression in these oral epithelial lesions. RESULTSImmunohistochemical expression of p53 observed in 52 cases of oral epithelial lesions consisting of 8 benign, 11 pre-malignant and 33 squamous cell carcinomas. Out of all, 39 cases were showed p53 positivity. The dysplastic lesions account for 11 cases of which p53 positivity seen in 8 (72.72%) cases; p53 immunoexpression was found positive in 26 (78.78%) cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). The staining intensity increased from basal to suprabasal region with increase in grade of dysplasias. CONCLUSIONSquamous cell carcinoma was found to be the commonest oral malignant epithelial lesion, in which p53 immunoexpression was found in 78.78% cases. Combined histological analysis with p53 immunoexpression could be a useful and simple molecular marker to detect the possibility of transformation from a premalignant to malignant lesion of oral epithelium.

BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is the most common non-skin malignancy in women. More recently, it has been suggested that extracellular proteinase regulates growth factors and cytokines that might contribute to tumour progression. Since CD10 is a cell surface metalloproteinase which inactivates various biologically active peptides, it might facilitate cancer cell invasion and/or metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 cases of Invasive Breast Carcinomas were taken up for the study along with 5 cases of benign tumour as a control group (fibro adenoma and phyllodes). Statistical Analysis: For all statistical data chi-square test was applied using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. RESULTS CD10 was found to be positive in 89% (n=43) cases of which 30.3% (n=13) cases showed weak immunoreactivity whereas strong immunoreactivity was observed in 69.7% (n=30) cases. Stromal CD10 expression correlated with well-established prognostic markers, i.e. higher tumour grade (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.003), high mitotic rate (P=0.002), increasing NPI (P=0.003), ER negativity (P=0.032), PR negativity (P=0.041) and HER2/neu positivity (P=0.849). CONCLUSION Stromal CD10 expression in Invasive breast carcinomas is closely correlated with invasion and metastasis and it might play an important role in the pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), a synonym of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or autoimmune thyroiditis is characterised by Hurthle cell change and infiltration of mature lymphocytes into the follicles. The autoimmune process is believed to begin with the activation of CD4+ T Cells, which initiate the recruitment of autoreactive B-cell that secrete variety of thyroid antibodies. The important of them are anti-thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody/anti-microsomal antibody and thyroid stimulating hormone stimulation blocking antibodies. It is the most common form of thyroiditis diagnosed on Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). Different autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antigen are clinically most important for diagnosis, which are present in less than 60% and over 90% respectively in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In view of all the above facts, a combined cytomorphologic and serologic approach in the evaluation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been emphasized in our study. The prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Berhampur from October 2012 to September 2015. RESULTS Total number of 50 cases of HT were evaluated for cytological features and serological markers. Occurrence of HT was found in maximum 20 to 30 (50%) years of age group. Females are more affected than males with male and female ratio of 1 : 11.5; 28 cases (56%) were hypothyroid, 19 cases (38%) were euthyroid and 3 cases (6%) hyperthyroid. Lymphocytic background was seen in 100% cases, whereas Hurthle cell change and high L : E ratio was observed in 76% of cases. Overall antibody positivity was found in 94% of cases, out of which 60% were AMA positive, both AMA and ATG was positive in 30% cases, whereas both antibodies negative was found to be in 6% cases. CONCLUSION We conclude that HT is common on 2 nd and 3 rd decade of life. Serology is a useful adjunct in diagnosis of HT. Serologically, TPO was found to be a better marker than ATG. In euthyroid patients with negative antibody titre, FNAC is the gold standard to establish diagnosis.

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