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This study was designed to determine the effects of wood ash on the physical and mechanical properties of fired clay bricks. The clay bricks were fabricated with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16% by weight of wood ash. Strength development of brick was cased by fired at 900, 1000, and 1100°C for 40 min. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical property and strength of the fired clay bricks depend on the wood ash content and firing temperature. Higher wood ash content affected an increase in porosity and water absorption, while the bulk density of the clay bricks was reduced. The compressive strength of the clay bricks increased with an increase in the firing temperature or a decrease in the wood ash amount. The minimum compressive strength of fired clay bricks, in accordance with the ASTM strength requirements, is 17.2 MPa and was satisfied by bricks containing 4% added wood ash fired at 1000°C and 1100°C, which attained a compressive strength of 17.9 and 19.4 MPa, respectively. The study confirmed that wood ash is a material that can be used to add extra porosity during the production of raw clay bricks.

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In this paper, the effects of incorporation of sawdust waste on the properties of fired clay bricks were investigated. Clay bricks fabricated with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by weight of sawdust waste were tested. The clay brick specimens were firing at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C for study the water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of the fired clay bricks. The experimental results found that the using of sawdust waste reduced the bulk density and compressive strength of the specimens. It was observed their apparent porosity ratios up to 30% improved with increasing of sawdust waste up to 10% by weight after firing at 900 °C. The compressive strength of bricks specimen with 2.5% by weight of sawdust waste addition and fired at 1100 °C showed a higher than of value strength as required by ASTM C62-13a. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the porous fired clay bricks specimens with 2.5-10% by weight sawdust waste addition produced at 1000 °C compared to the fired clay brick specimens without additive, decreased from 0.47 to 0.22 W/mK. The results thus showed that sawdust waste was a potential material for use as a pore former additive to raw clay-brick production.

This research is intended to evaluate the effects of paper waste addition on the physical properties and strength of fired clay bricks. Paper waste was mixed with clay in the ratios of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 wt%. Green bricks were fired with different variations of temperature from 900-1100°C for1 h in air. Fired bricks were then analyzed for physical and mechanical properties. Porosity was increased with higher paper waste content. An increase in porosity relatedly created lower density and higher shrinkage values. Additionally, porous content in fired clay bricks correlated to the deterioration of the compressive strength, due to the weakness area of defect. However, the highly porous brick presented low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the porous brick from paper residue inclusion presented excellent insulating behavior, while adequate compressive strength could be still be maintained.