The aim of this study were to find the prevalence of Angle's classification and distribution of malocclusion amongst patients attending a private orthodontic clinic in Sulaimani City. Method: Pre-treatment orthodontic records of 171 patients of both genders and different age groups fulfilled selection criteria were obtained for the study. The data from case sheets and dental casts were analyzed to determine the prevalence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion. Results: Malocclusion was found to be higher in females than males. Patient's malocclusions were as follow: 56 (33%) Class I, 83 (48%) Class II, and 32 (19%) Class III. Patients of 12-17 years age group were found to be more interested in orthodontic treatment than other age groups. Conclusions: Class II malocclusion created almost half of the patients seeking orthodontic treatment in private clinic in Sulaimani City. Furthermore majority of orthodontic cases were young patients (12-17 age group) with females showing a higher percentage than males.

Objective: White spot lesions (WSL) are considered the most frequent complication during fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice levels of orthodontic professionals regarding the prevention and treatment of WSL in the Kurdistan region-Iraq.           Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a validated self–administered questionnaire among orthodontic professionals and dentists practicing orthodontics. The questionnaire included ten questions about the knowledge and nine for the practice with regard to the prevention and treatment of WSL. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney test.       Results: Sixty orthodontists and dentists practicing orthodontics participated in the study. Most participants (78.3%) had intermediate knowledge, and 66.7% recorded high practice scores. The knowledge and practice scores in female orthodontists and participants with postgraduate orthodontics degrees were significantly higher than in male orthodontists and those without a postgraduate degree (P = 0.0001).   Conclusions: Participants exhibited good knowledge and experience and good practice in the prevention and treatment of WSL. It is recommended to have special practice guidelines for the prevention of WSL.

Objectives: This study's objective was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing mandibular incisors (central and lateral incisors) in Kurdish patients seeking orthodontic treatment.   Methods: The data were captured from 4056 patients (2596 females and 1460 males) seeking orthodontic treatment and included orthopantomograms, intraoral photographs, study models, while anamnestic data were retrieved and examined to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing lower incisors. A Chi-square test was used to determine significant differences.       Results: The prevalence of missing lower incisors was 1.28%, with no statistically significant difference between males and females. A total of 73 permanent lower incisors were missing, with an average of 1.42 teeth per patient. Missing unilateral (59%) was more frequent than missing bilateral (41%). Within the unilateral cases, the left side tooth was more frequently missing than the right side, and the central incisor was the most frequently missing tooth. In addition, missing unilateral was more frequent in females, and missing bilateral was more frequent in males. In most subjects (76%), where mandibular incisors were missing, there were no other missing teeth.   Conclusions: The prevalence of hypodontia can vary in different ethnic groups. In the Kurdish population, the prevalence was comparable with other ethnic groups, and the most frequently missing lower incisor was the left central incisor, followed by the right central incisor. Furthermore, missing unilateral was more frequent than missing bilateral.

Purpose: Improving patient's esthetic and appearance due to impacted upper right incisors caused by impacted supernumerary tooth by moving them in to their proper position within the dental arch.  Methods: Surgical exposure and open tooth eruption technique with fixed orthodontic appliance have been used. Principal Findings: Treating impacted maxillary incisors with immediate esthetic improvement. Conclusion: Impacted maxillary incisors could be treated using surgical exposure and open tooth eruption technique with acceptable gingival contour.

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