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Background Pulmonary complications such as pneumonia, pulmonary atelectasis, and subsequent respiratory failure leading to ventilatory support are a common occurrence in critically ill patients. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is used to improve gas exchange and promote airway clearance in these patients. The current evidence regarding the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in critical care settings remains unclear. This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence of the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation on intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS) and respiratory outcomes in critically ill patients. Research question In critically ill patients, is intrapulmonary percussive ventilation effective in improving respiratory outcomes and reducing intensive care unit length of stay. Methods A systematic search of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU) was performed on five databases from 1979 to 2021. Studies were considered for inclusion if they evaluated the effectiveness of IPV in patients aged ≥16 years receiving invasive or non-invasive ventilation or breathing spontaneously in critical care or high dependency units. Study titles and abstracts were screened, followed by data extraction by a full-text review. Due to a small number of studies and observed heterogeneities in the study methodology and patient population, a meta-analysis could not be included in this review. Outcomes of interest were summarised narratively. Results Out of 306 identified abstracts, seven studies (630 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Results of the included studies provide weak evidence to support the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in reducing ICU-LOS, improving gas exchange, and reducing respiratory rate. Interpretation Based on the findings of this review, the evidence to support the role of IPV in reducing ICU-LOS, improving gas exchange, and reducing respiratory rate is weak. The therapeutic value of IPV in airway clearance, preventing pneumonia, and treating pulmonary atelectasis requires further investigation.

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Background: Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation is used in various clinical settings to promote secretion clearance, reverse or treat atelectasis and improve gas exchange. Despite a few studies reporting the use of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in critical care, the available data remain insufficient, contributing to weaker evidence toward its effectiveness. Also, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the safety and feasibility of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation application in critical care. This retrospective pilot study has evaluated the safety and feasibility of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation intervention in non-intubated patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods: The medical records of 35 subjects were reviewed, including 22 subjects who received intrapulmonary percussive ventilation intervention and 13 subjects matched for age, sex, and primary diagnosis who received chest physiotherapy. The records were audited for feasibility, safety, changes in oxygen saturation, chest X-ray changes, and intensive care unit length of stay. Results: A total of 104 treatment sessions (IPV 65 and CPT 39) were delivered to subjects admitted with a range of respiratory conditions in critical care. Subjects completed 97% of IPV sessions. No major adverse events were reported with intrapulmonary percussive ventilation intervention. Intensive care unit length of stay in the intrapulmonary percussive ventilation group was 9.6 AE 6 days, and in the CPT group, it was 11 AE 9 days (p ¼ 0.59). Peripheral oxygen saturation pre to post intervention was 92% AE 4 to 96% AE 4 in IPV group and 95% AE 4 to 95% AE 3 in the CPT group. Conclusion: Application of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation intervention was feasible and safe in non-ventilated adult patients in critical care.