Augmented Reality (AR) developers face a proliferation of new platforms, devices, and frameworks. This often leads to applications being limited to a single platform and makes it hard to support collaborative AR scenarios involving multiple different devices. This paper presents XD-AR, a cross-device AR application development framework designed to unify input and output across hand-held, head-worn, and projective AR displays. XD-AR's design was informed by challenging scenarios for AR applications, a technical review of existing AR platforms, and a survey of 30 AR designers, developers, and users. Based on the results, we developed a taxonomy of AR system components and identified key challenges and opportunities in making them work together. We discuss how our taxonomy can guide the design of future AR platforms and applications and how cross-device interaction challenges could be addressed. We illustrate this when using XD-AR to implement two challenging AR applications from the literature in a device-agnostic way.

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360-degree video is increasingly used to create immersive user experiences; however, it is typically limited to a single user and not interactive. Recent studies have explored the potential of 360 video to support multi-user collaboration in remote settings. These studies identified several challenges with respect to 360 live streams, such as the lack of gaze awareness, out-of-sync views, and missed gestures. To address these challenges, we created 360Anywhere, a framework for 360 video-based multi-user collaboration that, in addition to allowing collaborators to view and annotate a 360 live stream, also supports projection of annotations in the 360 stream back into the real-world environment in real-time. This enables a range of collaborative augmented reality applications not supported with existing tools. We present the 360Anywhere framework and tools that allow users to generate applications tailored to specific collaboration and augmentation needs with support for remote collaboration. In a series of exploratory design sessions with users, we assess 360Anywhere's power and flexibility for three mobile ad-hoc scenarios. Using 360Anywhere, participants were able to set up and use fairly complex remote collaboration systems involving projective augmented reality in less than 10 minutes.

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