We give an overview of our studies of spiral turbulence and spatiotemporal chaos in partialdi erential-equation models for two excitable media: (a) the oxidation of carbon monoxide on Pt(1 1 0); and (b) ventricular ÿbrillation in mammalian hearts. Our characterization of spiral turbulence and spatiotemporal chaos in these models leads us to an e cient scheme for controlling such chaos. We discuss this scheme and its application for electrical deÿbrillation.

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The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic that took over the world in December 2019 has had everlasting devastating impacts on the lives of people globally. It manifests a huge symptom spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to critically ill patients with an unpredictable outcome. Timely diagnosis and assessment of disease severity is imperative for effective treatment. Possibilities exist that by the time symptoms appear the viral load might increase beyond control. However, it is advisable to get adequately diagnosed as soon as the first symptom appears. There is an immediate requirement of reliable biomarkers of COVID-19 manifesting an early onset for effective clinical management, stratification of high risk patients and ensuring ideal resource allocation. In this review, we attempt to explore and describe important polypeptide inflammatory biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and LIGHT used in the detection and management of COVID-19. Viral pathogenesis and the role of these inflammatory biomarkers is highlighted, based on the evidences available till date. An integrative data monitoring along with their correlation with the natural disease progression is of utmost importance in the management of COVID-19. So further research and in-depth analysis of these biomarkers is warranted in the present scenario.

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Diagnosis of malaria is a prominent challenge due to the endemic nature of infection. Malaria poses a great threat to global public health. The disease can be diagnosed by several techniques out of which microscopy is a known gold standard. High sensitivity of molecular techniques is making them more reliable and popular as tools for diagnosis of malaria. However, new methods are required which can fulfill the criteria of being Point of Care Test (POCT) as defined by WHO. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique amplifies DNA in an isothermal condition, and surpasses the disadvantages of conventional molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. Multiplex LAMP, a modification of LAMP may emerge as a new POC for malaria diagnosis. This review deals with the use of LAMP and multiplex LAMP in diagnosis of malaria and its prospective use as point of care techniques.