Microbial therapeutic enzymes: A promising area of biopharmaceuticals

Vachher, Meenakshi; Sen, Aparajita; Kapila, Rachna

doi:10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.05.006

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Proteins being one the most versatile and significant biomolecules, find varied applications in healthcare sector as therapeutic agents, analytical reagents, diagnostic and prognostic tools, biopharmaceuticals, digestive aids, research, etc. (Sinha and Shukla 2019 ; Vachher et al 2021 ). Such protein biomarkers can be used to diagnose and monitor the progress of COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Protein Inflammatory Biomarkers In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19

Sen

Vachher

2022

Int J Pept Res Ther

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The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic that took over the world in December 2019 has had everlasting devastating impacts on the lives of people globally. It manifests a huge symptom spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to critically ill patients with an unpredictable outcome. Timely diagnosis and assessment of disease severity is imperative for effective treatment. Possibilities exist that by the time symptoms appear the viral load might increase beyond control. However, it is advisable to get adequately diagnosed as soon as the first symptom appears. There is an immediate requirement of reliable biomarkers of COVID-19 manifesting an early onset for effective clinical management, stratification of high risk patients and ensuring ideal resource allocation. In this review, we attempt to explore and describe important polypeptide inflammatory biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and LIGHT used in the detection and management of COVID-19. Viral pathogenesis and the role of these inflammatory biomarkers is highlighted, based on the evidences available till date. An integrative data monitoring along with their correlation with the natural disease progression is of utmost importance in the management of COVID-19. So further research and in-depth analysis of these biomarkers is warranted in the present scenario.

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Section: Potential Role Of Protein Inflammatory Biomarkers In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19

Sen

Vachher

2022

Int J Pept Res Ther

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“…They can be from vegetal, animal and antimicrobial origin [ 1 , 11 , 23 ]. Due to the advances in biotechnological methodologies (recombinant DNA), enzymes can be produced on a large scale without the need to be extracted from the natural sources and with advantages of higher purity and lower costs [ 9 , 24 ]. Due to the unique and extraordinary attributes of enzymes and the broad range of targets and possible action in the living organisms, they can present multiple applications for different pathologies.…”

Section: Enzymes With Therapeutic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Drug Bank online [ 25 ] more than 100 enzymes evidencing therapeutic activity and acting by different mechanisms were identified. The purpose of the present work is not intended to be exhaustive in the nomination of therapeutic enzymes, as they can be found in recent revision publications [ 9 , 12 ].…”

Section: Enzymes With Therapeutic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, in the 1960s, it was understood that enzymes could constitute a promising class of bioagents for the treatment of several disorders, due to their almost unique properties resulting in high activity and selectivity. However, it is essential that native conformation is kept and that they are correctly formulated, stabilized and stored [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liposomes as Tools to Improve Therapeutic Enzyme Performance

et al. 2022

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The drugs concept has changed during the last few decades, meaning the acceptance of not only low molecular weight entities but also macromolecules as bioagent constituents of pharmaceutics. This has opened a new era for a different class of molecules, namely proteins in general and enzymes in particular. The use of enzymes as therapeutics has posed new challenges in terms of delivery and the need for appropriate carrier systems. In this review, we will focus on enzymes with therapeutic properties and their applications, listing some that reached the pharmaceutical market. Problems associated with their clinical use and nanotechnological strategies to solve some of their drawbacks (i.e., immunogenic reactions and low circulation time) will be addressed. Drug delivery systems will be discussed, with special attention being paid to liposomes, the most well-studied and suitable nanosystem for enzyme delivery in vivo. Examples of liposomal enzymatic formulations under development will be described and successful pre-clinical results of two enzymes, L-Asparaginase and Superoxide dismutase, following their association with liposomes will be extensively discussed.

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“…Bacteria, fungi and yeast are all potential sources of therapeutic enzymes, and currently, microbial enzymes are used in indications such as cancer, pancreatic disorders, bacterial or viral infections, and inflammatory diseases [ 8 ] ( Figure 2 ). As therapies, microbial enzymes are advantageous in that they are relatively cheap and easy to manufacture at a large scale [ 42 ] and possess fewer ethical concerns compared with enzymes of animal origin [ 43 ]. Viruses are another microbial source of therapeutic enzymes.…”

Section: The Rationale For Enzyme Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature

Vanderstocken¹,

Woolf²,

Trigiante

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTIs. We used a narrative review approach, searching PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov with search terms including: enzyme therapeutics, enzyme therapy, inhaled therapeutics, botanical enzyme therapeutics, plant enzymes, and herbal extracts. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of enzyme therapeutics in the setting of RTDs and identify and describe several enzyme therapeutics currently used in the respiratory field. In addition, the review includes recent developments concerning enzyme therapies and plant enzymes in (pre-)clinical stages. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked development of several promising new enzyme therapeutics for use in the respiratory setting, and therefore, it is timely to provide a summary of recent developments, particularly as these therapeutics may also prove beneficial in other RTDs.

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Microbial therapeutic enzymes: A promising area of biopharmaceuticals

Cited by 47 publications

References 173 publications

Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19

Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19

Liposomes as Tools to Improve Therapeutic Enzyme Performance

Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature

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