Background: Nature is vibrant and has an abundance of colors. The use of natural hues in histopathology could offer an economical and feasible alternative to the routinely used stains in special circumstances. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the extract of Hibiscus as a counterstain to hematoxylin. Methodology: Hibiscus calyces were sun dried and powdered. Alcoholic and water extracts were obtained by refluxing the powder with 95% ethanol and distilled water, respectively, for 3 h, and then cooled and filtered. Sections from 12 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, including both oral mucosal and skin tissues, were used. Nuclear staining was done with hematoxylin, following which the sections were stained with both alcoholic and aqueous Hibiscus extract for 10 min at room temperature using a dropper. All the slides were coded and were reviewed by three blinded oral pathologists for staining efficiency and intensity. NPar test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Kappa statistics were done to assess the staining efficiency, intensity, and interobserver reliability for the selected parameters. Results: Statistically significant difference was not seen between Hibiscus extract and the controls, except in relation to staining of the basement membrane. Conclusion: Easily available and economical Hibiscus extract is an attractive alternative to eosin. Further studies involving the addition of mordants to the extract and its use as a special stain has to be explored.

Background. Opportunistic fungal infections like candidiasis are common in the oral cavity. In recent years Candida species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study assessed the antifungal activity of Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctum seed oils against six common pathogenic Candida strains. Synergistic activity of the major oil components was also studied.Methods. Antifungal activity of Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctum seed oils were tested against six oral fungal pathogens, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida krusei 6258, Candida tropicalis 13803, Candida parapsilosis22019, Candida glabrata 90030 and Candida dubliniensis MYA 646, by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. The oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus from seeds subjected to columnchromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) and major components were separated and quantified.Results. All the six Candida strains showed growth inhibition to a variable degree when tested with both seed oils. Both seed oils showed antifungal activity. For Centratherum anthelminticum seed oil maximum DIZ at 7 μL was recorded at 75.7 mm for Candida albicans ATCC 90028, and the least DIZ was 45.7 mm for Candida dubliniensis MYA 646. For Ocimum sanctum seed oil maximum DIZ at 7 μL was 61.0 mm for Candida krusei ATCC 6258 and the least DIZ was 46.7 mm for Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. The mixtures of phospholipids and unsaponifiable matter exhibitedMIC values at 1.25 μL for both oils, whereas neutral lipids fraction and unsaponifiable matter exhibited similar MIC at 2.5 μL against Candida albicans and Candida krusei.Conclusion.Centratherum anthelminticum and Ocimum sanctumseed oils exhibited strong antifungal activity against six different species of Candida and this may be attributed to various active components in the oil and their synergistic activity.

Tumor related tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is a known phenomenon but its role in prognostics and correlation with size of the primary tumor is still controversial. Using a stain, like Carbol chromotrope, that targets eosinophils exclusively and vividly, offers an advantage over haematoxylin and eosin, which was used in most of the studies. Forty-nine cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, where the TNM staging has been recorded in their history, was taken and stained with Lendrum's carbol chromotrope. Significant difference in the eosinophil count with varying size of the tumor and a parallel increase in the number noted, with increase in size. There is a corresponding increase in the number of eosinophils infiltrating the tumor with increase in size of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Papillarycyst adenoma lymphomatosum is the next common tumor to the pleomorphic adenoma affecting exclusively parotid gland, was first described in 1895 by Hilderbrad. Due to its unique presentation both clinically as well as histopathologically and its unknown origin, this tumor entity is still riveting oral surgeons and pathologist. Here we report a case of parotid swelling clinically diagnosed as benign salivary gland tumor and its review.

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